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;Annai.s X. V. Acad. Sci., Vol. XXV, pp. 1—308, pll. I— VIII. 15 May, 1916J
STUDY OF BAGOBO CEREMONIAL, MAGIC AND MYTH »
By Laura Watsox Benedict
(Presented hij title before the Academy^ 20 April^ 1914) CONTENTS
Page
*refatory remarks 3
[ntroduction. General characteristics of the religious attitude of the
Bagobo 8
*art I. Mythological concepts 13
The Bagobo pantheon 13
Myth-gods of the nine heavens 15
Gods associated with human interests 18
The demons called buso 29
Interpretation of physical evironment 43
The souls of man and life after death 49
Characterization of the two souls 49
Right-hand soul or Gimokud Takawanan 50
Signs of death 51
Summons to the living 51
Onong or travel outfit for the soul 53
The one country of the dead , 54
Manner of existence in Gimokudan 55
Topography of the one country 56
Idea of retribution 58
Left hand soul or Gimokud Tebang 58
Dream exploits 58
Fate at death 60
General considerations 61
Restoration of the dead to life 61
Cult of the dead 62
Ideas of death 63
Souls of animals and of manufactured objects 64
Traditions of mythical ancestors 65
^art II. The formal ceremonial .... 75
Typical ceremonial behavior 75
General character of ceremonial 75
Fundamental elements of ceremonial 78
Human sacrifice 78
Ceremonial food 79
Ceremonial liquor 79
Betel ritual 80
Offerings of manufactured products 81
Manuscript received by the Editor, 8 April, 1914.
LIBRARY
APR 15 Ivy 3
THE ONTARIO INSTITUTE FOR STUDIES IN EDUCATION
ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Page
Purification 84
Recitation of ritual words 82
Ceremonial chant 82
Agong music 83
Dancing and costumes 85
The feast 87
Manganito 87
Various types of altar 87
Bamboo prayer stands called tambara 87
Hanging altars 90
Tigyama 90
Balekat 90
Agong altars called sonaran 91
Hut shrines 92
Buis or buso houses 92
Parabunnian or rice-sowing altars 92
Ceremonies in detail 93
Festival of drinking called Ginum 93
Introductory remarks 93
Chronology of the preparation and of the four main days of the
festival 96
First day of the Ginum , 101
First night called tig-kanayan or the beginning 101
Second day 101
Second night called ta dua dukilum 102
Third day 102
Third night 103
Fourth and main day 103
Fourth and last night 103
Ceremony of Awas or offerings of areca-nuts to spirits 104
Preliminary Awas 105
Main Awas Ill
Ceremony of Tanung or magic rites against Buso 113
Preliminary Tanung . . 114
Main Tanung 115
Ceremony of Pamalugu or purification 117
Ceremony of Lulub or washing of water flasks 124
Ceremony of Sonar or offering on the agongs of manufactured
products 125
Offering of manufactured products to the gods 126
A blutions called Sagmo ■! 28
Visitation'^[of Anito 1 28
Rites with balabba 129
Ceremonies on the main day of Ginum 131
Arrangement of the long house 151
Festival of Ginum at Tubison 153
Question of head hunting 158
A few ceremonial chants 162
BENEDICT, BAGOBO CEREMONIAL, MAGIC AND MYTH 3
Page
Rite of human sacrifice called Pag-huaga 106
Ceremonial at rice-sowing called Marummas 171
Ceremonial at harvest called Ka-pungaan 174
Marriage rites 180
Trial marriage 181
Formal ceremony called Taliduma 181
Rites attending death and burial 186