IV. By what further right or benefit does he expect to

obtain this favour?
S.W. By the benefit of the pilgrim penitent's pass.
I T. Has he that pass?

H . Advance and communicate it to the sir knight on your left.
The pass, Golgotha, is then given by the two wardens, and the warder returns and reports the same to the most eminent grand commander, who directs the candidate to enter. The veil is then drawn aside, and the candidate enters the asylum.
M.E.G.C. [rising, says], Who have you there in charge, sir knights?
•S'.IT. A pilgrim penitent, who, having performed his term of penance, seeks now to participate in the fifth liba- tion, thereby to seal his faith.
M.E.G.C. Pilgrim, in granting your request and ad- mitting you a knight among our number, we can only offer you rough habit, coarse diet, and severe duty. If, upon these conditions, you are still desirous of enlisting under our banners, you will advance, and kneel at the base of the triangle.
The candidate kneels at the base of the triangle, and the most eminent addresses him as follows:
" Pilgrim, the fifth libation is taken in a very solemn way. It is emblematical of the bitter cup of death, of which we must all, sooner or later, taste ; and even the Saviour of the world was not exempted, notwithstanding his repeated prayers and solicitations. It is taken of pure wine, and from this cup. [Exhibiting a human skull, he
and presents it to the candidate, telling him that the fifth
20C KNIGHTS TEMPLARS
libation is called the sealed obligation, as it is to seal all his former engagements in Masonry.
The most eminent here also gives a short history of the degree.* The substance of it is, that the object of the degree of knight templar was originally instituted to pre- serve Masonry, which had become much corrupted, etc.
If the candidate hesitates about taking the sealed obli- gation (which is often the case), the most eminent says, " Attention, sir knights !" The sir knights immediately form around the candidate. " Handle sword — draw sword— charge." (See plate 23.)
The most eminent then says. " Pilgrim, you here see the swords of your companions, all drawn, ready to defend you in the discharge of every duty we require of you. They are also drawn to avenge any violation of the rules of our order. You promised, when you entered the chamber of reflection that you would conform to all the ceremonies, rules, and regulations of this encampment. AVe here have your promise in writing. We expect you will proceed., f All sir knights who have taken this degree, have participated in the fifth libation ; and if there is any thing in it that you do not perfectly understand, it will be qualified and ex- plained to your satisfaction. If the candidate consents to proceed, he takes the skull in his hand, and repeats after the most eminent, as follows :
" This pure wine, I take from this cup, in testimony of my belief of the mortality of the body and the immortality of the soul ; and as the sins of th upon the head of our Saviour, so may the sins of the per- son whose skull this once was, be heaped upon my head, in addition to my own; and may they appear in judgment against me, both here and hereafter, should I violate or transgress any obligation in Masonry, or the orders of
* In some encampments, this history is omitted.
•j \Yhen I received this degree, I objected to drink from the human skull, and to take the profane oath required by the rules of this order. I observed to the most eminent, that I supposed that that part of the ceremonies would be dispensed with. The sir knights charged upon ine and the most eminent addressed me as above. A clergyman, an ac- quaintance of mine, came forward, and said, " Companion Allyn, this part of the ceremonies is never dispensed with. I and all the sir knights have drunk from that cup and taken the fifth libation. It is perfectly proper, and it will be qualified to your satisfaction." I then drank of the cup of double damnation.
KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. 207
knighthood which I have heretofore taken, take at this time, or may hereafter be instructed in. So help me, God." [Drinks of the wine.]*
The most eminent then takes the skull from the candi- date, and says, " This is called the sealed obligation, be- cause any promise of secrecy, made in reference to this obligation, is considered by knights templars to be more binding than any other obligation can be.f
The most eminent then resumes his seat, and directs the prelate to read a lesson from the holy evangelist.
The prelate reads, Acts i. 15 — 27.
' ' And in those days, Peter stood up in the midst of the disciples, and said (the number of the names together were about an hundred and twenty), Men and brethren, this scripture must needs have been fulfilled, which the Holy Ghost, by the mouth of David, spake before concerning Judas, which was guide to them that took Jesus. For he was numbered with us, and had obtained part of this min- istry. Now this man purchased a field with the reward of iniquity ; and falling headlong, he burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out. And it was known to all the dwellers at Jerusalem ; insomuch as that field is called in their proper tongue, Aceldama, that is to say, The field of blood. For it is written in the book of Psalms. Let his habitation be desolate, and let no man dwell therein : and his bishopric let another take. Wherefore, of these men which have cornpanied with us, all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, beginning from the baptism of John, unto that same day that he was taken up from us, must one be ordained to be a witness with us of his resurrection. And they appointed two. Joseph, called Barsabas, who was surnamed Justus, and
* Sometimes, if the encampment is not hurried with business, the most eminent recapitulates all the oaths that the candidate has taken. Sometimes this is done just before he takes the fifth libation.
i- The sealed obligation is referred to by templars, in confidential com- munications, relative to matters of vast importance, when other Masonic obligations seem insufficient, to secure secrecy, silence, and safety. Such, for instance, was the murder of William Morgan, which was com- municated from one templar to another, under the pledge and upon this sealed obligation.
"The attentive ear receives the sound from the instructive tonsrue; and the mysteries of Freemasonry were safely lodged in the repository of faithful breasts." Until it was communicated in St. John's Hall, New York, in an encampment of knights templars, March 10, 1828.
208 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS.
Matthias. And they prayed, and said, Thou, Lord, which knowest the hearts of all men, shew whether of these two thou hast chosen, that he may take part of this ministry and apostleship, from which Judas by transgression fell, that he might go to his own place. And they gave forth their lots, and the lot fell upon Matthias ; and he was num- bered with the eleven apostles."
Generalissimo. Most eminent, by the extinguished taper upon the triangle, I perceive there is a vacancy in our encampment which I propose should be filled by some valiant knight, who has passed through the ceremonies of our order.
M.E.G.C. "Sir knights, you will cast lots to fill this vacancy." Which being done, the most eminent addresses the candidate as follows :
ki Pilgrim, you are elected to fill the vacancy in our en- campment made vacant by the death of Judas Iscariot; and in testimony of your acceptance of that appointment, you will relight that extinguished taper upon the triangle. [The candidate lights it.] Thus may the Lord lift upon you the light of his reconciled countenance, and preserve you from falling."
The candidate then arises from the triangle, and kneels before the most eminent, who draws his sword, and laying it first on the candidate's left shoulder, then on his right, and on his head, says, " By the high power in me vested, as the successor and representative of Hugo de Paganis, and Godfry Adelman, I now dub and create you a knight of the valiant and magnanimous order of knights tem- plars, and knights of Malta, or order of St. Johns of Jeru- salem." This is sometimes repeated three times.
The most eminent taking the candidate by the hand, says, " Arise, sir knight, and with this hand receive a hearty welcome into the bosom of a society which will be ever ready to defend and protect you.
11 1 will now present you with this sword in the hand of a valiant and magnanimous knight. It is endowed with three most excellent qualities, viz. : its hilt with justice, its blade with fortitude, and its point with mercy ; and it teaches us this important lesson. Having faith in the justice of our cause, we must press forward with undaunted fortitude, ever remembering to extend the point of mercy to a fallen foe."
KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. *u»
The most eminent then instructs the sir knight in the pilgrim penitent's pass, as before described ; and also in the signs, grip, and word. The due guard and sign is given by placing the end of the thumb of the right hand under the chin, the fingers clenched. [See plate 24, fig. 1.] It alludes to the penalty of the obligation of placing the head on the highest spire in Christendom. In some encampments the cross is given, by drawing the hand hori- zontally across the throat, and darting it up perpendicu- larly before the face, the edge of the hand towards the mouth.
The grai* hailing sign of distress is given by placing the right foot over the left, extend both arms, and incline the head to the right. It is the manner that the Saviour was nailed to the cross. The motto of the order, "IN HOC SIGXO VINCES," is given in this position. [See plate 24, fig. 2.]
[The grip is given by two persons interlacing the fingers of the right and left" hands, and each, as he crosses his arms, pronounces the word Emmanuel. [See plate 24, fig. 3.]
The sir knight is then told by the most eminent, that in America the degrees of knights templars and knights of Malta are given together : and that he has received the two degrees, except a few signs, which belongs to the knights of Malta, which will be then explained.
The prelate reads a lesson from Acts xxviii. 1 — 6.
' ' And when they were escaped, then they knew that the island was called Melita. And the barbarous people shewed us no little kindness : for they kindled a fire, and received us every one, because of the present rain, and because of the cold. And when Paul had gathered a bundle of sticks, and laid them on the fire, there came a viper out of the heat, and fastened on his hand. And when the barbarians saw the venomous beast hang on his hand, they said among themselves, No doubt this man is a murderer, whom, though he hath escaped the sea, yet vengeance suffereth not to live. And he shook off the beast into the fire, and felt no harm."
This sign is then made, by holding out both hands, as though you were warming them, to the fire, and immedi- ately seize hold of the lower edge of the left hand, near the main joint of the little finger, with the thumb and forefinger of the right; raise them in this position, as high
15
210 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS.
as the chin, disengage them with a quick motion, and ex- tend them downwards on each side, at an angle of forty- five degrees, from the body, the fingers extended, and palms down. [See plate 24, fig. 5.]
The prelate reads another lesson.
St. John xix. 19. " And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was JESUS OF NAZAR- ETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS."
This is the grand word of a knight of Malta. INRI. It is formed by the initials of the four words that Pilate put on the cross, viz. : lasus Nazaresi Eex Judaorum.
The prelate reads again, as follows :
St. John x. 24—28. " But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came. The other disciples therefore said unto him, We have seen the Lord. But he said unto them, Except I shall see in his hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and thrust my hand into his side I will not believe.
" And after eight days, again his disciples were within, and Thomas with them. Then came Jesus, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said, Peace be unto you. Then saith he to Thomas, Reach hither thy finger, and behold my hands ; and reach hither thy hand, and thrust it into my side ; and be not faithless but believing. And Thomas answered and said unto him, My Lord, and my God."
The most eminent then explains the grip and word of a knight of Malta. He says to candidate, "Thomas, reach hither thy finger, and feel the print of the nails ; [they join right hands, and force the first finger into the centre of the palm], reach hither thy hand, and thrust it into my side." Each extends his left hand, and presses his fingers into the left side of his companion, still holding by the grip. With the arms thus crossed, one pronounces the words, "My Lord!" the other says, "And my God!"
The candidate is informed that he has taken the degree of knights templars, and knights of Malta, and is directed to take a seat.
If there is no further business before the encampment, it is closed in the same manner that it is opened.
Sometimes the following questions are asked, and an- swers returned, by two of the officers. It is called a lec- ture, and it is sometimes given at opening.
KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. 211
LECTURE.
Are you a knight templar? That is my title.
Q. Where were you created a knight templar?
A. In a just and lawful encampment of knights tem- plars.
Q. What number composes a just and lawful encamp- ment of knights templars?
A. There is an indispensable number and a constitu- tional number.
Q. What is an indispensable number?
A. Three.
Q. Under what circumstances are they authorised to form and open an encampment of knights templars?
A. Three knights templars, hailing from three differ- ent commanderies, may, under the sanction of a charter, or warrant from some regular grand encampment, form and open an encampment for the dispatch of business.
Q. What is a constitutional number?
A. Seven, nine, eleven, or more.
O. WThen composed of eleven, of whom does it consist?
A. Most eminent grand commander, generalissimo, captain general, prelate, senior warden, junior warden, treasurer, recorder, standard bearer, sword bearer, and warder.
Warder's station?
On the left of the standard bearer, in the west, and on the left of the third division.
Q. His duty?
A. To observe the orders and directions of the grand commander, to see that the sentinels are at their respec- tive posts ; and that the encampment is duly guarded. f. Sword bearer's station? . On the right of the standard bearer in the west, and on the right of the third division.
fc
Q. His duty there?
To assist in the protection of the banners of our order ; to watch all signals from the grand commander ; and see his orders duly executed.
Q. Standard bearer's station in the encampment?
A. In the west, and in the centre of the third division
Q. His duty?
212 KNIGHTS TEMPLARS.
A. To display, support, and protect the banners of our order.
Q. Why is the standard bearer's station in the west?
A. That the brilliant rays of the rising sun, shedding their lustre upon the banners of our order may encourage and animate all true and courteous knights, and dismay and confound their enemies.
Q. Recorder's station in the encampment?
A. In front of the captain general.
Q. His duty?
A. To observe with attention the order of the encamp- ment, keep a just and regular record of the same, collect the revenue, and pay the same over to the treasurer.
Q. The treasurer's station in the encampment?
A. In front of the generalissimo. His duty?
To receive in charge all funds and property of the encampment, pay all orders drawn upon him, and render a just and faithful account when required.
Q. Station of the junior warden in the encampment?
A. At the south-west angle of the triangle, and on the left of the first division. His duty?
To attend to all poor and weary pilgrims travelling from afar ; to accompany them on their journey, answer all questions for them, and finally introduce them into the asylum.
Q. Senior warden's station in the encampment?
A. At the north-west angle of the triangle, and on the right of the second division.
Q. His duty?
A. To attend on pilgrim warriors travelling from afar, to comfort and "support pilgrim penitents, and after due trial, recommend them to the hospitality of the general- issimo.
Q. Prelate's station in the encampment?
A. On the right of the generalissimo.
Q. His duty there?
A. To administer at the altar, and offer up prayers and adorations to the Deity.
Q. Captain general's station?
A. On the left of the grand commander.
Q. His duty?
KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. 213
A.. To see that the proper officers make all suitable preparations for the several meetings of the encampment, and take special care that the asylum is in a suitable ar- ray for the introduction of candidates and dispatch of business, also to receive and communicate ail orders from the grand commander to the officers of the line.
Q. Generalissimo's station?
A. On the right of the grand commander.
(). His duty?
.4. To receive and communicate all orders, signals, and petitions, and assist the grand commander in the dis- charge or his various duties, and in his absence, to govern the encampment.
Q. Grand commander's station?
A. In the east.
Q. His duty?
A. To distribute alms, and protect weary pilgrims travelling from afar, to encourage pilgrim warriors, to sustain pilgrim penitents, feed the hungry, clothe the naked, bind up the wounds of the afflicted, to inculcate hospitality, and govern his encampment with justice and moderation.
KNIGHTS OF THE CHRISTIAN MARK, AND GUARDS OF THE CONCLAVE.
This conclave is governed by an invincible knight of the order of St. Johns of Jerusalem, a senior and junior knight, six grand ministers, recorder, treasurer, conduc- tor, and guard.
Opening. — " Sir junior knight, are all convened in a secret place, and secured from the prying eye of the pro- fane?"
11 We are; invincible."
11 Sir senior knight, instruct the sir knights to assemble in form for the purpose-of opening this invincible order."
The members kneel on both knees in a circle, each with his right hand on his heart, his left on his forehead, and pray.
The invincible knight takes the bible and waves it four times over his head, saying, "REX REGNANTIUM. ET DOMINUS DOMINANTIUM " ; kisses it and passes it on his right ; it goes around until it comes again to the invinci- ble knight; who opens and reads, Matthew iii. 12 — 16.
Always interlace the fingers of the left hand, draw your sword and present it to the heart, and say, " TAMMUZ TOULI- METH : I pronounce this convention opened in ample form. Let us repair to our several stations, and strictly observe silence."
The candidate is shown into the ante-chamber by the conductor, who clothes him in a gown of brown stuff, and leads him to the door of the council chamber, where he knocks twice, six, and two ; — 2, 6, and 2.
J.K. Some one knocks for admission, invincible knight.
/. See who it is, and make report.
J.K. [goes to the door, and reports], One that is faithful in good works, wishes admission here.
/. What good works hath he performed?
J.K. He hath given food to the hungry, drink to the thirsty, and clothed the naked with a garment.
7. Thus far he hath done well ; but there is still much for him to do. To be faithful in my house, saith the Lord of
214
KNIGHTS OF THE CHRISTIAN MARK. 215
hosts, filled with love for my people. If so, let him enter under the penalties of his symbolic obligation.
He enters, makes signs until he arrives at the altar, there kneels, and makes the following vow :
"I, A. B., do promise and vow, with this sacred volume clasped in my hands, that I will keep secret the words, signs, tokens, and grips of this order of knighthood, from all but those knights of St. Johns of Jerusalem, who have shown a Christian disposition to their fellowmen, are pro- fessors of the Christian faith, and have passed to the de- grees of symbolic Masonry ; and that I will protect and support, as far as in me lies, the followers of the Lord Jesus Christ : feed them, if hungry ; give them drink, if thirsty ; if naked, clothe them with garments ; teach them, if ignorant, and advise them for their good and their ad- vantage : All this I promise in the name of the Father, of the Son. and of the Holy Ghost; and, if I perform it not, let me be ANATHEMA MARANATHA ! ANATHEMA MARANATHA !"
The invincible knight interlaces the fingers of his left hand with those of the candidate, who lays his right hand on his heart. The invincible knight draws his sword : the senior knight does the same : they cross them on the back of the candidate's neck, and the invincible knight says, " By virtue of the high power in me vested, by a bull of His Holiness, Pope Sylvester, I dub you a knight of the Christian mark, member of the grand council, and guard of the grand conclave.
The invincible knight then whispers in his ear, " Tam- muz Touliuneth." The knights come to order; the senior knight takes his seat ; the candidate continues standing ; the conductor brings a white robe ; the senior knight says, ;'Thus saith the Lord, he that believeth and endureth to the end shall overcome, and I will cause his iniquities to pass from him, and he shall dwell in my presence for ever and ever. Take away his filthy garments from him, and clothe him with a change of raiment. For he that over- cometh, the same shall be clothed in white raiment, and his name shall be written in the book of life, and I will confess his name before my Father and his holy angels. He that hath aj) ear to hear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the true believer. Set ye a fair mitre upon his head, place a palm in his hand, for he shall go in and out and minister before me, saith the Lord of hosts ; and
216 KNIGHTS OF THE CHRISTIAN MARK.
he shall be a disciple of that rod taken from the branch of the stem of Jesse. For a branch has grown out of his root, and the spirit of the Lord hath rested upon it: the spirit of his wisdom, and might, and righteousness is the girdle of his loins, and faithfulness the girdle of his vine ; and he stands as an Insignia to the people, and him shall the Gentiles seek, and his rest shall be glorious. Cause them that have charge over the city to draw near, every- one with the destroying weapon in his hand."
The six grand ministers come forward from the north, with swords and shields. The first is clothed in white, arid has an inkhorn by his side, and stands before the invincible knight, who says, " G-o through the city; run in the midst thereof and smite ; let not thine eye spare, neither have
Eity ; for they have not executed my judgments with clean ands, saith the Lord of hosts."
The candidate is instructed to exclaim, " Woe is me, for I am a man of unclean lips, and my dwelling has been in the tents of Kedar, and among the children of Meshec." Then he that has the inkhorn by his side, takes a live coal with the tongs from the altar, and touches the lips of the candidate, and says, "If ye believe, thine iniquities shall be taken away, thy sins shall be purged; I will that these be clean with the branch that shall be given up before me. All thy sins are removed, and thine iniquities blotted out. For I have trodden the winepress alone, and with me was none of my people ; for behold, I come with dyed garments from Bozrah, mighty to save. Refuse not, therefore, to hearken ; draw not away thy shoulders ; shut not thine ear that thou shouldest not hear."
The six ministers now proceed, as if they were- about to commence the slaughter, when the senior knight says to him with the inkhorn, " Stay thine hand ; proceed no fur- ther until thou hast set a mark on those that are faithful in the house of the Lord, and trust in the power of his might. Take ye the signet, and set a mark on the fore- head of my people that have passed through great tribula- tion, and have washed their robes, and made them white in the blood of the Lamb, which was slain, from the founda- tion of the world."
The minister takes the signet and presses it on the can- didate's forehead. He leaves the mark in red letters, " King of kings, and lord of lords." The minister opens
AND GUARDS OF THE CONCLAVE. 217
the scroll, and says, " Sir invincible knight, the number of the sealed are one hundred and forty and four thousand."
The invincible knight strikes four, and all the knights stand before him. He says, " Salvation belongeth to our God, which sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb." All the members fall on their faces, and say, " Amen. Blessing, honour, glory, wisdom, thanksgiving, and power, might, majesty, and dominion, be unto our God, forever and ever, Amen."
They all cast down crowns and palm branches, and rise up and say, " Great and numberless are thy works, thou king of saints. Behold, the star which I laid before Joshua, on which is engraved seven eyes, as the engraving of a signet, shall be set as a seal on thine arm — as a seal on thine heart; for love is stronger than death; many waters cannot quench it : If a man would give all the treasures of his house for love, he cannot obtain it : It is the gift of God through Jesus Christ, our Lord."
Charge. — "Invincible knight, I congratulate you on your having been found worthy to be promoted to this honourable order of knighthood. It is highly honourable to all those worthy knights who, with good faith and dili- gence, perform its many important duties. The honour- able situation to which you are now advanced, and the illustrious office which you now fill, is one that was much desired by the first noblemen of Italy, but ambition and jealousy caused his Highness, Pope Alexander, to call on his ancient friend, the grand master of the knights of St. John, of Jerusalem, to guard his person and the holy see, as those knights were known to be well grounded in the faith, and zealous followers of the Lord. The members of the guard were chosen by their countenances, for it is be- lieved that a plain countenance is an indication of the heart : and that no stranger should gain admission and discover the secrets of this august assembly. This order of the Christian mark was conferred on those who went about doing good, and following the example of their illus- trious Master, Jesus Christ. Go thou and do likewise."
The Motto. — " Christus regnat, vincit, triumphat. Rex regnantium, et Dominus dominantium." Usually on the left breast, on a triangular plate of gold, seven eyes en- graved on one side, on the other the letter G, in the five points.
KNIGHTS OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE.
The council must represent a cathedral church, the altar covered with black, upon which must be placed three large candles, a cross, and in the centre a skull and cross bones. The principal stands on the right side of the altar, with a bible in one hand, and a staff in the other; soft music plays, and the veil is drawn up, and discovers the altar : the choir say :
" Hush, hush, the heavenly choir, They cleave the air in bright attire : See, see, the lute each angel brings, And hark divinely thus they sing :
" To the power divine, All glory be given. By man upon earth, And angels in heaven."
The priest steps before the altar and says, " Kyrie Elieson ; Christe Elieson ; Kyrie Elieson ; Amen : Gloria Sibi Dom- ino ! I declare this grand council opened, and ready to proceed to business."
The priests and ministers take their several stations and observe order. The candidates being prepared, he alarms at the door by seven raps, and the prelate says to verger, " See the cause of that alarm, and report."
Verger goes to the door, and reports, " Right reverend prelate, there are seven brethren who solicit admission to this grand council."
Prelate says, " On what is their desire founded?"
T7. On a true Christian principle, to serve the church and its members, by performing the seven corporeal works of mercy, and to protect and guard the holy sepulchre from the destroying hands of our enemies."
P. Admit them that we may know them, if you please.
They are then admitted : Prelate says to them, " Are you followers of the captain of our salvation?"
218
KNIGHTS OF THB HOLY SEPULCHRE. 219
Verger says, " We are, right reverend prelate."
P. Attend, then, to the sayings of our Master, Jesus Christ. "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, with all thy mind, with all thy soul, and with all thy might. This is the first great commandment, and the second is like unto it; thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself : on these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets."
The verger and beadle hold the bible, on which the can- didates place their right hands, and make the following vow :
" I, A. B., in the name of the high and undivided Trin- ity, do promise and vow to keep and conceal the high mys- teries of this noble and invincible order of knights of the holy sepulchre, from all but such as are ready and willing to serve the church of Christ, by acts of valour and char- ity, and its members, by performing all the corporeal works of mercy, and that, as far as in me lies, I will defend the church of the holy sepulchre from pillage and violence, and guard and protect pilgrims on their way to and from the holy land : and if I perform not this my vow, to the best of my abilities, let me become inanimatus."
Interlace your fingers with the candidate, cross your arms, and say, " De mortuis, nil nisi bonum." Prelate says. ''Take the sword, and travel onward — guard the holy sepulchre — defeat our enemies — unfurl the banner of our cross — protect the Roman eagle — return to us with vic- tory and safety." The candidates depart — go to the south, where they meet a band of Turks — a desperate con- flict ensues — the knights are victorious : they seize the crescent, and return to the cathedral in triumph, and place the banner, eagle, and crescent before the altar and take their seats. [22nd chapter of St. John read by prelate.] Then the choir sing, —
" Creator of the radiant light, Dividing day from sable night : Who, with the light bright origin. The world's creation didst begin."
Prelate then says, " Let our prayer come before thee, and let our exercise be acceptable in thy sight." The seven candidates kneel at the foot of the altar. The pre- late takes the bread and says, " Brethren, eat ye all of this bread in love, that ye may learn to support each
220 KNIGHTS OF THE HOLT SEPULCHRE.
other." He then takes the cup and says, " Drink ye all of this cup to ratify the vow that ye have made, and learn to sustain one another." The prelate then raises them up by the grip (interlace the fingers), and says, " 1st Sir, I greet thee a knight of the holy sepulchre ; go feed the hun- gry : 2nd, Give drink to the thirsty : 3rd, Clothe the naked with a garment : 4th, Visit and ransom the captives : 5th, Harbour the harbourless, give the orphan and widow where to lay their heads : 6th, Visit and relieve the sick : 7th, Go and bury the dead." All make crosses and say, " In nomini patriafilio et spiritus sancto : Amen." Prelate says, Brethren, let us recommend to each other the prac- tice of the four cardinal virtues : prudence, justice, tem- perance, fortitude."
Closing. The knights all rise, stand in circle, interlace their fingers, and say, " Sepulchrum." Prelate then says, " Gloria patri, et filio, et spiritus sancto." Brethren an- swer. " Sicut erat in principle, et nunc, et semper et in secula seculorum. Amen."
Benediction. " Blessed be thou, O Lord, our God! Great first cause and governor of all things ! thou createst the world with thy bountiful hand, and sustained it by thy wisdom, by thy goodness, and by thy mercy ! It cometh to pass that seed time and harvest never fail ! It is thou that givest every good and perfect gift ! Blessed be thy name for ever and ever !"
HISTORY.
St. Helena, daughter of Caylus, king of Britain, consort of Constantine, and mother of Constantine the Great, in the year 29, made a journey to the holy land in search of the cross of Jesus Christ. After levelling the hillocks and destroying the temple of Venus, three crosses were dis- covered. It was now difficult to discover which of the three was the one sought for by her. By order of his Holi- ness, Pope Marcellinus, they were borne to the bed of a woman who had long been visited by sickness and lay at the point of death ; she placed her hands upon the second cross first, which rendered her no service ; but when she laid her hand upon the third, she was restored to her for- mer health. She instantly arose, giving glory to God, saying, " He was wounded for our transgressions, he was
KNIGHTS OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE. 221
bruised for our iniquities, the chastisement of sin was upon him, and with his stripes we are healed, and God hath laid on him all our iniquities." On the spot where the crosses were found St. Helena erected a stately church, one hundred paces long and sixty wide : the east end takes in the place where the crosses stood, and the west of the sepulchre : by levelling the hills, the sepulchre is above the floor of the church, like a grotto, which is twenty feet from the floor to the top of the rock : there is a superb cupola over the sepulchre, and in the aisle are the tombs of God- frey and Baldwin, kings of Jerusalem. In 302, St. Hel- ena instituted the order of knights of the holy sepulchre of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ. This order was confirmed in 304, by his Holiness, Pope Marcellinus ; they were bound by a sacred vow to guard the holy sepulchre, protect pilgrims, and fight infidels, and enemies of the cross of Christ. The city of Jerusalem was rebuilt and ornamented by ^Elius Adrian, emperor of Rome, and given to the Christians in 120. The Persians took it from them in 637, and in 1008 it fell into the hands of the Turks, under whose oppressions it long groaned, until Peter the Holy steered the western princes to release the distressed church, and in 1096, Godfrey and Baldwin unfurled the banner of the cross, and expelled the Turks. He was to have been invested with the royal wreath of majesty, but he thought it not meet to wear a crown of laurel when his blessed Saviour had worn a crown of thorns. Yet, for the common good, he suffered himself to be called the king of Palestine.
THE HOLY AND THRICE ILLUSTRIOUS ORDER OF THE CROSS, CALLED A COUNCIL.
The officers and council all in their places. The most illustrious prefect addresses the most worthy provost thus : " Most worshipful provost, what is the clock?" Most wor- shipful provost says, rising and facing the east, at the same time raising his mark in his right hand, "Most il- lustrious prefect, it is now the first hour of the day, the time when our Lord suffered, and the veil of the temple was rent asunder, when darkness and consternation was spread over the earth, when the confusion of the old coven- ant was made light in the new, in the temple of the cross. It is, most illustrious prefect, the third watch, when the implements of Masonry were broken ; when the flame, which led the wise men of the east, reappeared ; when the cubic stone was broken, and the word was given." Most illustrious prefect says to worthy herald, "It is my will that this house of God be closed, and the remembrance of those solemn and sacred events be here commemorated : make this, worthy herald, known to the most worshipful provost, in due and ancient form." The worthy herald bows and approaches the most worshipful provost, where he bows thrice, faces about and gives a blast with his horn ; and after the knights have filed out by threes without the door, except the worthy senior inductor, he does his er- rand, viz. : " Most worshipful provost, it is the sovereign will of Count Albertus, of Pergamus, that this house of God be closed, and that those solemn and sacred events in the new covenant be here commemorated : you will observe this." The worthy herald bows, and the most worshipful provost rises and addresses the worthy senior inductor thus: "It is the will of the most illustrious prefect that here now be opened a council of knights of the cross : what therein becomes your duty?" Worthy senior inductor says, "To receive the commands of my superiors in the order, and pay obedience thereto — to conduct and instruct
ORDER OF THE CROSS. 223
my ignorant pass-brethren ; and to revere and inculcate reverence in others, for the most holy and Almighty God." The most worshipful provost rises fiercely, and says, " By what right do you claim this duty?" Worthy S. inductor says, " By the right of a sign, and the mark of a sign/' Most worshipful provost says, " Will you give me a sign?" Worthy sen., " I could if I should." The most worshipful provost then partly extends both arms, pointing down- wards to an angle of 39 deg. with the palms open, and up- wards, to show they are not sullied with iniquity and op- pression, and says, " \Vorthy sen. inductor, you may give it." The worthy sen. inductor then looks him full in the face, and with his fore finger touches his right temple, and lets fall his hand, and says, " This is a sign." Most worshipful provost says, " A sign of what?" Worthy sen. inductor says, "Aye, a sign of what?" Wor. pro. says, " A penal sign." Wor. sen. inductor says, ''Your sign is — ." Most worthy pro. says, " The last sign of my in- duction." Most worthy pro. says, " But you have the mark of a sign." Worthy sen. inductor says, "The sign whereof my mark is a mark, I hope is in the council
above." Most worthy pro. says, "But the mark ."
Worthy sen. inductor says, "Is in my bosom." There- upon he produces his mark in his left hand, and with the fore finger of his right on the letter S, on the cross asks, "What's that?" Most wor. pro. says, " Lisha." Wor. pro. puts his finger on the letter H, and asks, "What is this?" Worthy sen. inductor says, " Sha." Worthy sen. inductor then puts his finger on the letter I, and asks, "What is this?" Most worthy pro. says, "Baal." "What, then, is your mark?" Worthy sen. inductor says. " Baal, Sha-Lisha ; I am the Lord." The most wor- shipful provost then says. " You are my brother, and the duty is yours of ancient right; please announce the coun- cil open." The worthy senior inductor steps to the door and gives three raps, and is answered by some knight from without, who is then admitted, and the worthy sen. in- ductor gives the conditional sign (which is by partly ex- tending both arms, as before described) : the knight an- swering by putting his finger to his right temple, as be- fore. The worthy sen. inductor then addresses the chair 'Most illustrious prefect, a professing brother is within the council by virtue of a sign." Most illustrious
224 ORDER OF THE CROSS.
prefect says to worthy herald, "Go to this professing brother, and see him marked before the chair of the most worshipful provost; conduct him thither, most worthy herald." The worthy herald says to the knight, " Worthy sir, know you the sacred cross of our council?" Knight says, "I am a Christian." The worthy herald then says, " Follow me." When arrived before the most wor. pro. the worthy herald says, " Most worthy provost, by order of the most illustrious prefect, I here bring you to be marked a professing brother of the cross." The most wor. pro. says, "Worthy sir, know you the cross of our coun- cil?" Knight says, "I am a Christian." The most wor. pro. says, " No more."
" Mr. - — , before you can be admitted to the light and benefit of this thrice illustrious order, it becomes my duty, by ancient usage, to propose to you certain ques- tions, not a thing vainly ceremonial ; but the companions will expect true answers : they will concern your past life, and resolutions for the future. Have you given me with- out evasion or addition, your baptismal and family names, and those of your parents, your true age as far as within your knowledge ; where you were educated, where you were born, and also where was your last place of residence? or have you not? " I have." It is well.
Were your parents free and not slaves? had they right and title in the soil of the earth ? were they devoted to the religion of the cross, and did they so educate their fam- ily? have you searched the spiritual claims of that religion on your gratitude and your affections? and have you con- tinued steadfast in that faith from choice and a convic- tion of your duty to heaven, or from education? " From duty and choice." This also is right.
Have you ever up to this time lived according to the principles of that religion, by acting upon the square of virtue with all men, nor defrauding any, nor defamed the good name of any, nor indulged sensual appetites unreas- onably, but more especially to the dishonour of the matri- monial tie, nor extorted on, or oppressed the poor? have not been guilty of these things." You have then en- titled yourself to our highest confidence, by obeying the injunctions of our thrice illustrious prefect in heaven, " of doing to all men even as you would that they should do unto you." Mr. , can you so continue to act, that
ELECTED KNIGHTS OF NINE. 241
Reception. — Master of ceremonies leads the candidate to the door, and knocks eight and one. The master orders the candidate to be admitted. He is conducted to the west, and placed behind Stokin. M. What do you wish? A. To be admitted an elected knight. Q. Have you courage enough to revenge the death of your master, Hiram Abiff? A. I have. Q. If you have, you shall be shown where one of his murderers is concealed — a stranger has shown the place to me, and if you have fortitude, fol- low the stranger. The candidate is blinded, led to the cavern, and seated on the stone. The master of ceremonies says, "Be of good courage, I am going to leave you, but shall not be long absent ; and after I am gone, you must take the bandage from your eyes, and drink some of the water you will find, before I return." Candidate is left alone, and the door is shut. The master of ceremonies returns, and orders him to take the poniard in his right hand, and the head in his left ; and he thus goes alone to the door of the lodge, where he knocks eight and one. Master of cere- monies within, says, "What do you wish?" A. An in- tendant of the buildings demands to enter the chapter. Q. Have you finished your time, and satisfied your master? A. I have had the honour of performing a feat for the honour of the craft, which will, I hope, entitle me to this degree. Master of ceremonies repeats to Stokin, who re- peats to the master, and he orders the candidate to be ad- mitted. He advances, by eight quick and one slow, steps, holding the poniard elevated, as if to strike. The ninth step brings him to the altar, where he falls on his knees. Master observes him, and says, " Wretch, what have you done? Do you not know that by this rash act, you have deprived me of the pleasure of devoting the villain to con- dign punishment? Stokin, let him be put immediately to death." At this word, all the brethren, falling on their knees, intercede for the candidate, observing to the mas- ter that his offence arose from zeal, and not from any in- tention of depriving the master of the pleasure of punish- ing the villain. This pacifies him, and he orders Stokin to stop, and tell the candidate, "that he shall be pardoned this second time, but beware of the third." Stokin takes the head and poniard from the candidate, and places the poniard at the foot, and the head at the top of the altar. The candidate is still on his knees, and all the brethren
17
242 ELECTED KNIGHTS OF NINE.
standing round, as if to strike; — he takes the obligation. " 1st, I do solemnly swear, in the presence of Almighty God, that I will revenge the assassination of our worthy master, Hiram Abiff, not only on the murderers, but also on all who may betray the secrets of this degree; and fur- thermore, that I will keep and protect this order with all my might, and the brethren, in general, with all my power ; and furthermore, that I will obey the decrees of the grand council of princes, of Jerusalem ; and, if I violate this, my obligation, I consent to be struck with the dreadful poniard of vengeance, now presented to me, and to have my head cut off, and stuck on the highest pole, or pinnacle, in the eastern part of the world, as a monument of my villany ! Amen ! amen ! amen ! amen !
The master raises candidate and says :
"In the reign of Solomon, several of the workmen had been guilty of some crime of an enormous nature, and made their escape from. Jerusalem. A great assembly of masters had sat in consultation on the best means of discovering and apprehending them. Their deliberations were inter- rupted by the entrance of a stranger, who demanded to speak to the king in private. Upon being admitted, he acquainted Solomon that he had discovered where Akirop, one of the traitors, lay concealed : and offered to conduct those whom the king should please to appoint, to go with him. This being communicated to the brethren, one and all requested to be partakers in the vengeance due to the villain. Solomon checked their ardour, declaring that only nine should undertake the task ; and to avoid giving of- fence, ordered all their names to be put into an urn, and that the first nine that should be drawn, should be the per- sons to accompany the stranger.
" At break of day, Joabert, Stokin, and seven others, conducted by the stranger, travelled onwards, through a dreary country. On the way, Joabert found means to learn from the stranger, that the villain they were in quest of, had hidden himself in a cavern not far from the place where they then were ; he soon found the cavern, and en- tered it alone, where, by the light of the lamp, he dis- covered the villain asleep, with a poniard at his feet. In- flamed at the sight, and actuated by an impatient zeal, he immediately seized the poniard, and stabbed him, first in the head, and then in the heart : he had only time to cry,
ELECTED KNIGHTS OF NINE.
Vengeance is taken, and expired. When the other eight arrived, and had refreshed themselves at the spring, Joa- bert severed the head from the body, and, taking it in one hand, and his poniard in the other, he, with his brethren, returned to Jerusalem. Solomon was at first very much offended that Joabert had put it out of his power to take vengeance himself, in presence of, and as a warning to the rest of the workmen to be faithful to their trust; but, by proper intercession, was again reconciled.
" Joabert became highly favoured of Solomon, who con- ferred upon him, and his eight companions, the title of elected knights."
Signs, words, etc. — The sign given by two., is as follows. viz. : one raises his poniard, and makes the motion of striking the other, first in the head, and then in the heart. The second claps his right hand first to his heart, and then to his head, as if wounded. (See plate 27, fig. 6.)
The following method of giving the sign, is considered by well-instructed Masons as more correct than the above.
Strike at the forehead with the poniard — the brother will answer by carrying his hands to his forehead, as if to ex- amine the supposed wound, plunge the poniard at the breast, crying "Nekum" (i.e., vengeance) — the brother replies by carrying his hand to his heart, saying " Necar."
Token. — The first clenches the fingers of his right hand, at the same time elevating and extending his thumb ; the second seizes that thumb with his right hand, and extends the thumb of his own hand ; the eight fingers which are thus closed, represent the eight companions of Joabert, and the thumb which is extended, represents Joabert himself.
Pass-word. — In some lodges, the pass-word is " Bagul- hal " ; in others, the words " Nekum "and " Joabert " are used, and ofte.n " Abiram " and " Akirop."
Sacred Words. — In some lodges? " Nekum " and " Ne- car " ; in others, " Bagulhal."
The chapter is closed by eight and one.
ELECTED GRAND MASTER,
Signs; Words, etc. — Place the point of the poniard under your chin, and draw it downwards to the waist, as if in the act of ripping open the body. The brother will answer by giving the sign of the entered apprentice, with the fingers clenched, and thumb extended.
244 ELECTED GRAND MASTER.
The following mode of giving the sign has been used in some lodges, viz. :
Clench the fingers of the right hand, extend the thumb, place it on the abdomen, move the hand upward to the chin ; the motion of the thumb as it glides upward, is de- signed to represent that of the knife with which the pen- alty of this degree is to be executed. The answer is the sign of the entered apprentice, the fist being clenched dur- ing the motion. [See plate 28, fig. 1.]
Token. — Give the sign. One says " Zerbul," the other replies, " Eleham."
Pass-word. — In some lodges, " Eliham," or "Eleham," in others, " Zerbal."
Sacred Words. — In some lodges, " Zerbal," in some, " Beniah." in some " Benhakar," or " Bendaka," and in others " Eleham."
SUBLIME KNIGHTS ELECTED.
Signs, words, etc. — Signs. — Cross the arms on the stomach, the fingers clenched, and thumbs elevated. In addition to this, in some chapters of this degree, the eyes are raised to heaven, in giving the sign. [See plate 28, fig. 2.]
Token. — That of the intimate secretary. In some chap- ters, there is a second or responsive token, viz. : take the right hand of the brother, and with the thumb strike thrice on the last joint of the middle finger.
Pass-word. — Stolkin or Stokin. Some chapters use " Emerh," or, more correctly, " Emeth." Others, " Am- uriah."
Sacred word. — " Adonai."
GRAND MASTER ARCHITECT.
Sign. — Slide the right hand into the palm of the left, pause a moment, clench the fingers of the right hand, ex- tend the thumb, and with it make the motion of tracing a plan in the palm of the left, directing your eyes to the brother, as if drawing from his dictation. This sign is varied in some chapters, by using the forefinger in place of the thumb.
KNIGHTS OF THE NINTH ARCH. 245
Token. — Join right hand to the brother's left, interlacing the fingers, place the left hand on your hip ; the brother will do the same with his right hand. [See plate 28, fig. 3.]
Some give the following token, viz. : join right hands, interlacing the three last fingers, and fixing them so as to form a square ; place the left hand on your brother's shoulder.
Pass-word. — " Rabacim," or, correctly, " Rab-banain."
Sacred word. — " Adonai."
KNIGHTS OF THE NINTH ARCH.
Signs, token, and words. — First sign. — That of admira- tion— raise the hands to heaven, the hands inclined to the right shoulder, one knee touching the ground. [See plate 28, fig. 4.]
Second sign. — That of adoration : fall on the knees.
Token. — Place your hands beneath your brother's arm- pits as if to raise him up, and at the same time, repeat the words, " Tob, Bauai, Amalabec." The brother returns the token, saying, " Jubulum," or " Gibulum." The Masonic translation of these words (Jubulum, or Gibulum) is a " good Mason." Some of the " knowing ones " main- tain that the words should be "Tub, Bahani, Hamal, Abel," and " Zebulun."
Sacred word. — "Jehovah."
Some chapters of knights adopt the following signs, token, and words.
First sign.— Fall on the left knee, with the right hand behind the back. The answer to this (used as a token), consists in raising the brother from the posture after the first sign, by placing your hand behind his back.
Words. — " Gibulum Hamaluheek," which is translated, " Gibulum is a good man."
Some chapters use the following as the pass-words :
Jod. — The beginning. Juheb. — Conceding.
Juho. — Existing. Adonai. — Lord.
Juh. — God. Elhannan. — Merciful.
Ehjeh. — I Am. Jobel. — Praising.
Elion. — Strong.
246 GRAND ELECT, PERFECT, AND SUBLIME MASON.
GRAND ELECT, PERFECT, AND SUBLIME MASON.
The following signs, words, etc., are more generally used by perfect Masons in North America.
First sign. — Same as the due guard of a master Mason.
Second sign. — Bring your right hand to your left cheek, extending it as though to guard that side of the face ; your left is to support the right elbow ; apply the left hand in the same manner to the right cheek, supporting the left elbow with the right hand. It is pretended that Moses placed himself in these attitudes when he saw the burning bush.
Third sign. — Give the sign of admiration, and then place three fingers of the right hand on the lips. [Plate 28, fig. 5.]
First token. — Same as that of the entered apprentice.
Second token. — Same as the master's grip ; having given it, say, " Can you go farther?" he will slip his hand above your wrist, to the middle of the arm, and so to the elbow ; he then puts his left hand to your shoulder, and presses thrice.
Third token. — Seize each other's elbows with the left hand, and put the right hand on each other's neck, as if in the act of raising one up.
First pass-word. — " Shibboleth," repeated thrice.
Second pass-word. — " Heleniham."
Third pass-word. — " Mahak-makar-a-bak." This is trans- lated Masonically, " God be praised, we have finished it."
First covered word. — " Gibulum."
Second covered word. — "Mahabin."
Third covered word. — " Adonai."
Grand word. — "Jehovah." This word is given by re- peating alternately the names of the Hebrew letters used in the word Jehovah, " Jod," "He," " Vau," "Ha,"
PHI BETA KAPPA.
I have for a long time been convinced of the worse than useless character of this secret institution ; and have waited, with no small degree of solicitude, for a suitable oppor- tunity to declare all that I know about it to the world. By doing this, I hope not to wound the feelings, or provoke the resentment of any of the respected brethren of that fra- ternity.
In this day of laudable excitement and anxious investiga- tion into the nature and principles of secret societies, it is my humble opinion there ought to be no concealment ; and that the public good imperiously demands a fair and full disclosure of the nature and principles of all secret socie- ties, and that what is said and done under the cover of darkness, should be openly proclaimed on the house-top. If there be any good in them, it is but reasonable and just that the whole community should share in the benefit : and if there be any evil in them, surely the public ought to know it, that they may be on their guard, and counteract their deleterious effects. The holy religion which I believe and profess, has no secrets, and requires none ; but rather condemns the hidden works of darkness, and demands their exposure.
But the reasons I give, which particularly induces me to make these disclosures, are principally two; one is the secret nature of the Phi Beta Kappa society, and the other is its infidel motto.
If it should appear that these reasons are founded in truth, it is presumed that no patriot, or Christian, can conscientiously condemn me for making these disclosures. Whatever may be the nature and strength of the obligations imposed by the society, and ignorantly taken, my obligations to my God and my country are para- mount to all others, and from them I fear no con- demnation. That the Phi Beta Kappa society is a secret association, is well known to the public. It is a species of Freemasonry, and bears a strong affinity to it ;
248 PHI BETA KAPPA.
and, for aught I know, may be a younger branch of the same tenebrous family. If the opinion of Mr. Knapp, in his late defence of Freemasonry, be correct, it is a branch of the Illuminati, that spurious offspring of the celebrated Weishaupt, which has corrupted the whole Masonic fra- ternity. Of this, however, it is presumed the greater part of its members have no suspicion. I had none, at the time of my initiation, and I could heartily wish I had no more reason for it now. Like Freemasonry, the Phi Beta Kappa society has its secret obligation, sign, grip, word, and jewel, by which its members are enabled to recognise each other, in any company, and in any part of the world : and though it has no bloody code, as I know of, with savage penalties, and consequently none of those crimes which blacken the institution of Freemasonry, yet, as a secret society, it is as susceptible of being perverted to unholy and dangerous purposes : and may, if continued un- molested and unexposed, in process of time, become an in- strument of great hazard to the community, and issue in the overthrow of all our civil and religious institutions. Of this there appears some danger : especially in the increas- ing pomp and show attending its anniversaries. Formerly it was confined to students in college ; but now it attracts the attention of men of rank and influence in society ; and some of its orators are selected from men of the first grade for intellect and eloquence. And though hitherto it has been confined to graduates, yet the time may soon come, as it did with the Masonic fraternity, when it may be dis- tinguished by the titles of Free and accepted Phibetians. I trust there is no need of spending a moment of time in pointing out to this enlightened community, the dangerous nature of all secret associations, and the facility they afford to selfish, ambitious and designing men to act wickedly; and especially when united with wealth, talents, and in- fluence ; and of these, I think I may safely say, that this institution possesses as large a share as any other of equal numbers.
The Phi Beta Kappa Society, like Freemasonry, is of foreign manufacture ; and though it may be of later date, it doubtless had a more respectable parentage. When and where it originated, I never was informed ; nor have I at present any means of ascertaining. It makes no preten- sions, however, to a heavenly origin, or to an antediluvian
PHI BETA KAPPA. 249
or antecreation antiquity. From its nature and form, it is presumed it must have commenced in some of the infidel schools of Europe, in the seventeenth or eighteenth cen- tury. It was imported into this country from France, in the year 1776 ; and, as it is said by Thomas Jefferson, late President of the United States. It was first established at William and Mary's College, in Virginia. Upon the decline, and, I believe, the extinction of that college, dur- ing the revolutionary war, a charter, technically called an Alpha, was obtained by the students of Yale College, where it still flourishes. From thence it was imparted to Har- vard and Dartmouth; and since that time, charters have been granted to the students of Union College, in N.Y., and to Bowdoin, in Maine ; and, very recently, I under- stand, to Brown University, in Providence, R.I. I know of no other colleges in the United States, where the insti- tution at present exists.
At the colleges, so far as I know, they are ostensibly con- sidered as literary and honourable institutions, designed to excite ambition, and to distinguish those who make the greatest proficiency in their studies and were it not for their secrecy, and the facility they afford for stratagem and turmoil, they might possibly be considered as compara- tively harmless, if not beneficial. At the same time, I can perceive no necessity for secrecy, unless it be to cast around them a shade of mystery, to make people wonder and stare. It naturally excites the expectation of some valuable secrets to be obtained, which uniformly end in disappoint- ment. All the literary and honourable advantages it affords, might as well be obtained without secrecy as with, and the danger thence resulting, be avoided : and I cannot but wonder why the authorities of our colleges allow of their existence. Perhaps they have not yet felt the evils to which they may give rise : and when they do, it may be too late to prevent them. When the venerable Hancock and Adams, in the view of a Phibetian procession, ex- pressed to the president of Harvard their decided opposi- tion to all secret societies whatever, he must have blushed, even if he refused to take warning.
The way and manner in which this secret institution is perpetuated at our colleges (and I know of no other places where they exist and meet at societies), is this. Towards the close, or during the last term of the college year, the
250 PHI BETA KAPPA.
members of the senior class, who belong to the society, make a selection from the junior class of one third of its numbers ; and their aim is, however much and frequently they may be mistaken, to take those who are reputedly the best scholars, and the most prominent members of the class. They are privately informed of their election ; and at an appointed time, are initiated into the society ; not, indeed, naked and barefoot, hood-winked and cable-towed, but in a more gentlemanly manner, where a promise or oath of secrecy is first exacted of them. Whichever it be. it matters nothing, since it is unlawfully exacted and foolishly made ; and embrace things contrary to scripture and inconsistent with our duty to God and our country. The presiding offi- cer then gives a brief historical sketch of the institution to the initiated, together with the sign, grii). and word, and an explanation of the jewel, or medal, either of silver or gold, which every initiate is required to procure for him- self. This medal is sometimes worn in the bosom, sus- pended by blue and pink ribbons round the neck ; but most commonly on a watch-chain, in the form of a key. The sign is given by placing the two forefingers of the right hand so as to cover the left corner of the mouth ; draw them across the chin. [See plate 29, fig. 1.] The grip is like the common shaking of hands, only not interlocking the thumbs ; and at the same time, gently pressing the wrist. [See plate 29, fig. 2.] The medal is then explained, and the meaning of the grand Greek capitals communicated to the wondering expectants. This concludes the ceremony of initiation into the society. The manner of introduction may have been altered of late ; but this, according to the best of my recollection, was the manner in which I was ini- tiated, and helped to initiate others. The class now initi- ated, soon become the seniors : and they in their turn, pro- ceed with their juniors in the same manner, by which the society is perpetuated. Thus one-third part, at least, of all the graduates of the colleges, where the institution ex- ists, and those which their seniors esteemed the first third for talents and acquirements, belong to this secret society ; and when their numbers shall be multiplied, and scattered through every department of the community, what a vast influence must they exert upon all the civil and religious institutions of the nation ! If knowledge be power, and
PHi BETA KAITA.
251
union be strength, should any object ever unite their ener- gies, with what tremendous force could they act.
The other reasons suggested, why I make these dis- closures is the infidelity of the motto upon the medal, which contains the grand secret, and gives name to the order. The . B. K. which stand prominent on the medal [see plate 29, fig. 3], are the initials of three Greek words, which, when put together and translated into English, form a sen- tence which contains the essence and sum of all infidelity. Whether I am correct in this view of the subject, the reader shall soon have the means of determining for himself.
When I was young and ardent in the pursuit of know- ledge, and aspiring to the wonderful distinction a diploma confers, the mysterious words, both in Greek and English, had a most agreeable sound, which led me to overlook the plain meaning of the sentence, and induced me to imagine there was some wonderful and important secret in them. Never, perhaps, did the blind candidate in Masonry look with more raised expectation, for the sublime cabalistic word, MAH-HAH-BONE, in the master's degree, or the grand omninc word, JAH-BUH-LUN, in the royal arch, than I did for the revelation of the mysterious and glaring Greek capitals of the order ; and never was a poor Mason more egregiously disappointed. I looked for something great, but To, how little ! Though the words were in a learned language, and had some sense and meaning in them, which cannot be said of the masonic words just mentioned, yet they contained in them the bitterness of wormwood and gall. Upon mature reflection, I found in them the radical principle of all infidelity ; and I believe many others have discovered the same.
But I ought not to keep my readers any longer in sus- pense. Attend, then, my friend, and learn the mighty secret of the order, which has been so long hid from the world. I have said that these letters are the initials of three Greek words, which are these — ia Biov Kr/3e/n'^T7;s in plain English, Philosophy is the governess, rule, or guide of life. Yes, reader. Philosophy is the rule, or guide of life! I had been taught from a child, and still believe, that the bible is the rule or guide of life. But here a vain, imported and infidel philosophy, is exalted into the place of divine revelation, and that holy book, which contains the words of eternal life, is superseded, and set
252 PHI BETA KAPPA.
aside. This is just what Hume, Voltaire, Tom Paine, and the whole host of subordinate infidels, would have. Phil- osophy, philosophy, has been the watchword of infidels in every age ; and by its learned and enchanting sound, many unwary youths, it is feared, have been led to reject the only sure guide to heaven. Am I wrong in the interpretation of this motto? I appeal with confidence to the initiated themselves, and to the whole learned world, to show where there is any mistake.
With this interpretation of the mysterious letters, the whole inscription on the medal, perfectly accords. On the opposite side [see plate 29, fig. 4], are the ornamented let- ters S. P. ; the initials of the Latin words, Societas Phil- osophia ; in English, Philosophical Society. Here phil- osophy has the same meaning as before; a European, French, or Germain philosophy, which is hostile to religion and subversive of the gospel of Christ.
This is still further confirmed by the date of the estab- lishment of the institution in America, which was Decem- ber 5, 1776. This is the precise time when the arch infidel Voltaire, with his associates in wickedness, were poisoning the public mind with their infide.l philosophy, and sound- ing through Europe and the world the blasphemous cry, "Ecrasez I' in fame!" Crush the wretch! crush Christ! crush his religion, and drive it from the earth. And this is also the time when the half-demon, Weishaupt, was plot- ting in his dark recesses the overthrow of every religion and government throughout the world. His aim was to demolish every altar and every throne ; dissolve all the ties of social life, and bring the world back to a savage state, and that by means of secret societies. And if it be a fact, which I think cannot well be denied, that this institution was imported from France, and planted in this country by Thomas Jefferson, late president of the U. States, its in- fidel character receives still further confirmation. For whatever may have been the excellencies of that philosophic statesman, no one, it is presumed, will be so unjust as to charge him with being a Christian ; and surely no Christian will consider it a matter of indifference whether the people believe in one God, or twenty. The great men now men- tioned, were all philosophers, high in rank and honour, among the multitude of their brethren ; which can leave
PHI BETA KAPPA. 253
not the shadow of a doubt respecting the nature of that philosophy, which is declared to be the " guide of life."
The whole interpretation, then, of the medal is this : the4>. B. K. are the initials of the three Greek words, which signify that " Philosophy is the rule, or guide of life." The stars above the mysterious letters show the number of the American colleges, where the institution now exists, and the hand at the bottom directs our attention to them. On the reverse, the leters P. S. signify a philosophical so- ciety : and the date, December 5, 1776, denotes the time when the institution was first established in this country.
I have no direct evidence that the Phi Beta Kappa So- ciety has any conection either with Freemasonry or Illum- inism, though from its striking resemblance to them, in secrecy and character, the public have reason to suspect it has ; and if so, the danger resulting from it, must be greatly enhanced. In this day of investigation, when the hidden things of darkness are coming to light, it is but reasonable and proper that the whole arena of secret societies should be laid open, and their claims to the public favour or repro- bation, be freely and fully examined. If any shrink from this, there will be good reason to relieve that everything is not as it should be. " For every one that doeth evil, hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved."
I hope it will be well understood by the reader, and by all the members of the society, that I did not intend, nor do I think I have impeached the characters or motives of any individuals of the fraternity. It is easy to conceive that an innocent person may become a member of a bad in- stitution. On the contrary, so far as I know, they are all high-minded and honourable men, and employing their talents for the public good, in the various departments of civil and religious society. Nor do I know that the infidel character of the institution has ever infected the minds, or perverted the principles of an individual brother, but that it never will do so, is more than can be foreseen. My wish is not to injure, much less to destroy the institution ; but to purify it, and, if possible, render it more honourable and useful. If its members would candidly examine into the history, progress, and character of the institution, they would probably discover things which they but little ex- pected ; and if they could be persuaded to abandon their
254 PHI BETA KAPPA.
obligations and secrecies, as not many years since, they were requested to do, and assume an American name, they would effectually remove all ground for public suspicion, and, at the same time, lose nothing of the literary and honourable advantages they have so long enjoyed. That they would speedily do this, or entirely abandon the insti- tution, must be the ardent desire of every patriot and Christian.
Of the sufficiency of the reasons above given, for making these disclosures, the public must judge. To me, they are satisfactory. As a believer in the truth and divinity of the bible, I cannot but view with concern everything which tends to weaken its authority, or lower its supremacy : and, believing as I do, that all secret societies are not only useless, but in a free government exceedingly dangerous, and ought not to be countenanced, I feel as if I had dis- charged a duty I owed to God and my country, and fear- lessl^ submit the whole to the candour of this enlightened community, and the disposal of Providence."
The New Temple Press, Norbury Crescent, London, S.W.1G, Gt. Britain
MANUAL OF FREEMASONRY.
Containing the First Three Degrees, the Royal Arch and Knights Templar, the Degrees of Mark Man, Mark Master, Architect. Grand Architect, etc. By R. CARLILB.
Size 7 inches by 4 inches
Cat. No. 132
RITUAL AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF FREEMASONRY
Accompanied by very numerous Engravings, and a Key to the Phi Beta Kappa.
Size 6J inches by 4 inches
Cat. No. 133
As well as the normal cloth edition, the above work is available bound in leather pocket book style. There is no wording outside this volume, which has the appearance of an ordinary pocket book.
FREEMASON'S OWN RITUAL.
Containing the Three Degrees, E.A., F.C., and M.M., with Plans and Illustrations, together with the Three Tracing Boards. By K. P WENT.
Size 6i inches by 4 inches
Cat. No. 134
As well as the normal cloth edition, the above work is available bound in leather pocket book style. There is no wording outside this volume, which has the appearance of an ordinary pocket book.
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The Brethren are requested to recommend this Text- book.
TEXT BOOK OF FREEMASONRY.
A Complete Handbook of Instruction to All the Workings in the Various Mysteries and Cere- monies of Craft Masonry. Together with the Ceremony of Exaltation in the Supreme Order of the Holy Royal Arch.
1 The universal acceptance of this Textbook by the Brethren in all parts of the world testifies to its continued usefulness as a complete Manual for the First Three Degrees and the Holy Royal Arch. In this volume is included all the Lectures in Full and Illus- trations of the Tracing Boards, together with the Ceremony of Installation of the W.M. and Officers of a Lodge, Charge and Addresses.
INTELLIGIBLE TO THE CRAFT ONLY.
Seventh Edition Revised.
IN UNIVERSAL USE. 8i«e 6$ inches by 4 inches. For a Waistcoat Pocket Handbook see page 4
Cat. No. 108
CpNTENTS.
Opening the Lodge in the First Degree. Closing the Lodge Generally. Opening the Lodge in the Second Degree. Closing the Lodge in the Second Degree. Opening the Lodge in the Third Degree. Closing the Lodge in the Third Degree.
Ceremony of Initiation.
Explanation of the First Tracing Board.
First Lecture.
Questions before Passing.
Ceremony of Passing to the Second Degree. Explanation of the Second Tracing Board. Second Lecture. Questions before being Raised.
Ceremony of Raising to the Third Degree. Explanation of the Third Tracing Board. Third Lecture.
To call the Lodge from Labour to Refreshment. To call the Lodge from Refreshment to Labour. Short Method of Raising and Reducing the Lodge. General Rules for the Conduct of Masons.
Ceremony of Installation of the W.M. and Officers of the Lodge. ^ (Continued over.)
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Opening a Royal Arch Chapter.
Ceremony of Exaltation in the Supreme Order of the Holy Roja)
Aroh.
Historical Address of the Third Chair. Hymbolical Address of the Second Chair. Mystical Address of the First Chair. Passing the Veils. Charge when the Chapter is Closed.
Waistcoat Pocket Edition
HANDBOOK OF INSTRUCTION IN CRAFT MASONRY.
Containing the Full Workings of the Entered Apprentice, Fellow-Craft and Master Mason's Degrees. Folding Plates of the Three Tracing Boards.
11 This small but clear type edition is eminently suitable for carry- ing on the person for study and reference at odd moments. The •ize and compactness allow of its insertion in the waistcoat pocket.
Size 3i inches by 2J inches.
Cat. No. 109
CONTENTS.
Opening the Lodge in the First Degree. Closing the Lodge Generally. Opening the Lodge in the Second Degree. Closing the Lodge in the Second Degree. Opening the Lodge in the Third Degree. Closing the Lodge in the Third Degree.
Ceremony of Initiation.
Charge after Initiation.
Explanation of the First Tracing Board.
Questions before Passing.
Passing to the Second Degree. Charge after the Passing. Explanation of Second Tracing Board. Questions before Raising.
Raising to the Third Degree.
Charge after the Raising.
Explanation of the Third Tracing Board.
Short Method of Raising and Reducing the Lodge. To call the Lodge from Labour to Refreshment. To call the Lodge from Refreshment to Labour.
The working i» uniform with that of the Text Book. For an Edi
tion containing the Three Lectures and Additional Ceremonies, »en
work entitled " Text Book of Freemasonry."
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Waistcoat Pocket Edition
THE FREEMASON'S INSTRUCTOR.
A Masonic Text Book containing the Ceremonies of Initiation, Passing and Raising. Together with the Installation Ceremony and Addresses to all the Officers on being Invested. Compiled by a P.M.
Size 3£ inches by 2\ inches
Cat. No. 117
Waistcoat Pocket Edition
CEREMONIALS OF THE HOLY ROYAL ARCH.
» Containing the Opening and Closing of a Chap- ter, the Exaltation, Addresses from the Chairs, Charge, etc. With the Scripture Eeadings in Fiill.
1 This small bat clear-type edition is eminently suitable for carry- ing on the person for study and reference, Th*e size and compact ness allow of its insertion in the waistcoat pocket.
Cat. No. Ill
CONTENTS. Introductory Remarks.
Ceremony of Opening a Royal Arch Chapter General Opening. Prayer.
Ceremony of Closing the Chapter. Ceremony of Exaltation. Historical Address of the Third Chair. Symbolical Address of the Second Chair. Mystical Address of the First Chair. Passing the Veils.
Charge given when me Chapter is Closed before the Companions have separated.
INTELLIGIBLE TO THE CRAFT ONLY. Size 3i inches by 2} inches.
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Waistcoat Pocket Edition
HOLY ROYAL ARCH; RITUAL OF THE CEREMONIES.
Dedicated to and used in the Grenadiers R.A. Chapter of Instruction. With much Additional Information. 116 pages. By A. HOLMES- DALLIMORE.
Size 4 inches by 3 inches
CONTENTS.
Opening— Exaltation Ceremony— Historical Lecture— Symbolical Lecture— Mystical Lecture— Risings— Closing— Dismissal Charge- Grace — Questions and Answers. Installation of 1st P. ; 2nd P. ; 3rd p- Cat. No. 101
THE PRINCIPAL.
Full and Complete Guide to the Law, Procedure and Etiquette of the Holy Royal Arch. By A. HOLMES-DALLIMORE, P.M., P.Z.. L.R. (Eng- land, Scotland and Ireland).
Size 7 inches by 4 inches
U A Manual of Reference and Instruction on- all R.A. Matters and Status, from Exaltee to P.Z., together with Miscellanea and His- toric Characters. Index of over 1,700 different references. (Work- ing details excluded.)
H Many Master Masons have never heard of the Royal Arch and what it means to them, and they have no doubt gathered that they have gone through their Third Degree, and have therefore com- pleted their status as a Master Mason. Probably no one will have explained that it is an essential to their position. 1i Assuming that many an earnest brother would like to learn something about it and how it affects him, let him see and prove the matter for himself. Rule 1 of the Book of Constitutions enacts :— " By the solemn act of Union between the Grand Lodges of Free-Masons of England in December, 1813, it was ' declared and pronounced that pure ancient Masonry consists of three de- grees, and no more, viz., those of the Entered Apprentice, the Fellow Craft, and the Master Mason, including the Supreme Order of the Holy Royal Arch.' " By this the Master Mason will see that the Supreme Order of the Holy Royal Arch is included in the Third Degree. Cat No> 100
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ENGRAVINGS OF THE THREE TRACING BOARDS.
Placed Side by Side on Limp Cloth Fold-in Right and Left.
Siie when folded 6 inches by 4 inuhes.
Cat. No. 127
1 Handy in form and site for carrying: in th« pocket or for pur- poses of instruction. The explanatory text in connection with these Tracing Boards will be found in the Text Book of Freemasonry advertised on page 3. Their study is a liberal education to a Freemason.
ENGRAVINGS OF THE THREE TRACING BOARDS.
Large size, orinted on Stiff Paper suitable for Framing ana Hanging in a Loage. Size 18 inches by 12 inches
Cat. No. 128
THE ROYAL ARCH TRACING BOARD.
Uniform with the preceding.
Size 18 inches by 12 inches
Cat. No. 129
SCOTTISH FREEMASON'S COMPREHENSIVE MONITOR.
Containing the Working of the E.A., F.C. and M.M. Degrees, with the Three Lectures and the Ceremonials of the Mark Degree and Installa- tion of the R.W.M. and Office Bearers of a Ix>dge. Illustrated with the Three Tracing Boards.
1 The above is the only authentic Scottish Ritual, containing the complete workings of the three Degrees in Craft Masonry, together with the .Mark and Installation of the R.W.M. as universally worked under the Grand Lodge of Scotland at home and abroad.
INTELLIGIBLE TO THE CRAFT ONLY.
Size 6i inches by 4 inches. Cat 114
Particulars of small Waistcoat Pocket Editions will be found later in this list.
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CONTENTS.
Opening the Lodge in the First Degree. Closing the Lodge in the First Degree Opening the Lodge in the Second Degree. Closing the Lodge in the Second Degree. Opening the Lodge in the Third Degree. Closing the Lodge in the Third Degree. Short Method of Raising the Lodge. Short Method of Reducing the Lodge. Calling the Brethren from Labour to Refreshment. Calling the Brethren from Refreshment to Labour.
Ceremony of Initiation.
Explanation of the First Tracing Board.
First Lecture.
Questions before Passing to the Second Degree.
Ceremony of Passing to the Second Degree.
Explanation of the Second Tracing Board.
Second Lecture.
Questions which may be asked of Candidates before being Raised
Ceremony of Raising to the Third Degree. Explanation of the Third Tracing Board. Third Lecture.
The Ceremonial of the Mark. Opening the Lodge in the Mark Degree. Ceremony of Advancement — First Part. Ceremony of Advancement — Second Part. Closing the Lodge in the Mark Degree.
The Ceremony of the Installation of the Office-Bearers of a Lodge.
Installed Master's Degree.
Ceremony at a Board of Installed Masters.
*% The above work, on thin opaque paper, bound in leather pocket- book style, reduces the bulk and weight. There is no wording out- side this volume, which has the appearance o/ an ordinary pocket- book.
Waistcoat Pocket Edition
SCOTTISH FREEMASONS' CRAFT RITUAL.
Containing the Ceremonies of the Three Degrees and the Mark.
Cat. No. 115
1j A handy small pocket edition all contained in one volume and strongly bound in blue cloth. It is the standard working uniform with the " Scottish Monitor."
H For an edition issued in four separate parts, see later title, " Scottish Freemason's Twentieth Century Book of Instruction."
The whole of the LECTURES of the Three Degrees in Scottish Craft Masonry are obtainable in a email comoanion volume.
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VEST POCKET EDITION I.V FOL'B SEPARATE PARTS.
SCOTTISH FREEMASON'S TWENTIETH CENTURY BOOK OF INSTRUCTION.
Containing the Working of the E.A. F.C. and M.M. Degrees, with the Ceremonies of the Mark Degree. "Vest Pocket Edition" in four sep- arate parts.
Cat. No. 118
1 Indispensable to young Masons. Each Degree printed and bound separately, the four clearly printed books being enclosed in a thumb case. On entering the E.A. Degree the first booklet can be studied, for the F.C. the second booklet can be given, and fo on. The working is uniform with the *' Scottish Monitor."
^ The whole of the Three Lectures in Scottish Craft Masonry »r« obtainable in a companion volume.
Waistcoat Pocket Edition
THE LECTURES OF THE THREE DEGREES IN SCOTTISH CRAFT MASONRY.
Complete and Unabridged, with the Scripture references set out in full. Containing the Lec- ture of the E.A. Degree in Seven Sections, of the F.C. Degree in Five Sections, of the M.M. Degree in Three Sections.
Cat. No. 117
Each Degree of Masonry contains a course of instruction (in question and answer form), in which the Ceremonies, Traditions and Moral Instruction appertaining to the Degree are set forth. This arrangement is called a Lecture, each Lecture for the sake of con- venience is divided into sections. The above pocket volume con- tains the whole of the Sections and Lectures complete. Their study is a necessity to all who would fully appreciate and understand the Symbols and Meaning of Freemasonry.
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CEREMONY OF INSTALLATION OF THE RIGHT
WORSHIPFUL MASTER (SCOTTISH WORKING}
AND OFFICE BEARERS OF A LODGE.
Complete Edition, with a Selection of Prayers, Charges, over 100 Masonic Toasts, and other Useful Matter.
Size 6£ inches by 4 inches
CONTENTS.
The Ceremony of the Installation of the Office-Bearera.
Installed Master's Degree.
Ceremony of Opening an Installed Master's Degree.
Ceremony at a Board of Installed Masters.
Charges and Prayers— The Masonic Calendar.
On the Examination of a Candidate — The Jewels.
Mason :o Toasts.
Uniform working with " Scottish Monitor."
Cat. No. 120
COMPLETE EDITION OF THE MARK DEGREE.
PERFECT CEREMONIALS OF THE SCOTTISH MARK DEGREE.
Size G£ inches by 4 inches
Cat. No. 119
Standard Working.
CONTENTS.
Introductory and Historical Remarks. The Officers of a Lodge. Opening a Lodge in the Mark Degree. Ceremony of Advancement — First Part. Ceremony of Advancement — Second Part. Closing a Lodge in the Mark Degree. Charge which may be given to the Candidate. Songs and Odes.
This working is uniform u*ith that contained in the " Scottish Monitor."
See page 16 for prices.
10
TEXT BOOK OF ADVANCED FREEMASONRY.
Containing for the Self-Instruction of Candi- dates, the Rituals of the Higher Degrees.
^ This volume, presented to the Masonic Brethren by the com- piler, is intended to supply a want hitherto entirely unsupphed of a complete handbook for the self-instruction of those Brethren de- sirous of entering the Higher Degrees of Freemasonry. In per- forming this self-imposed task it behoves the compiler to acknow- ledge the aid he has received in the Historical and Explanatory Remarks appended to the various Rituals, from the works of such distinguished and erudite Brethren as Brothers Dr. Oliver, Findel,