CHAPTER XXXIV

MARBOD, BISHOP OF RENNES, IO35-II23
Career of Marbod — Relation of his Liber lapidum to the prose Evax — Problem of Marbod's sources — Influence of the Liber lapidum — Occult virtue of gems — Liber lapidum meant seriously — De fato ei genesi.
"Nec duhium cuiquam debet falsumque videri Quin sua sit gemmis divinitus insita virtus; Ingens est herbis virtus data, maxima gemmis."
— Marbod, Liber lapidum.
Of medieval Latin Lapidaries the earliest and what also Career of seems to have been the classic on the subject of the marvel- ous properties of stones is the Liber lapidum seu de gemmis by Marbod, bishop of Rennes/ who lived from 1035 to 1123 and so had very likely completed this work before the close of the eleventh century. Indeed one manuscript of it seems to date from that century ^ and there are numerous twelfth century manuscripts. These early manuscripts bear his name and the style is the same as in his other writings. Born in the county of Anjou, Marbod attended the church
^ I have used the edition of age, Paris, 1882. C. W. King, The
Marbod's poems in Migne, PL Natural History, Ancient and
vol. 171, which also contains a -Modern, of Precious Stones and
life of Marbod. Two secondary Gems, London, 1865.
accounts of Marbod are C. Ferry, ^ CLM 23479, nth century, fols.
De Marbodi Rhedonensis Episcopi 4-10, Carmina de lapidibus eadem
vita et carminibus, Nemansi, quae Marbodo tribuuntur sed alio
1877; L. V. E. Ernault, Marbode, ordine. Of CUL 768, 15th cen-
£veque de Rennes, Sa vie et ses tury, fols. 67-80, "Marbodi liber
CEuvres, in Bull, et Mem. de la lapidum," the Catalogue says,
Societe Archeologique du dept. "This Latin poem has been often
d'llle-et-Vilaine, XX, 1-260, printed but it does not appear that
Rennes, 1889. See also V. Rose, the editors have collated this MS.
Aristoteles De Lapidibus und The order of the sections is differ-
Arnoldus Saxo, in Zeitsch. f. ent from all those of which Beck-
deutsches Alterthum, XVIII mann speaks in his edition (Got-
(187s), p. 321, et seq.; L. Pannier, tingen, 1799), answering, however,
Les lapidaires fran^ais du moycn most nearly to his own."
775
71^
MAGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE chap.
Relation of the Liber tapidum to the prose Evax.
school there, became the schoolmaster himself from 1067 to 1 08 1, during which time he probably composed the Liher lapidutn, then served as archdeacon under three successive bishops, and finally himself became a bishop in 1096. He attended church councils in 1103 and 1104 and died in Sep- tember, 1 123, in an Angevin monastery, whose monks is- sued a eulogistic encyclical letter on that occasion, while two archdeacons celebrated his integrity, learning, and elo- quence in admiring verse. Marbod's own productions are also in poetical form. It is interesting to note that despite his early date he was eulogized not as a lone man of letters in an uncultured age but as "the king of orators, although at that time all Gaul resounded with varied studies."
The Liber lapidum is a Latin poem of 734 hexameters describing sixty stones. In the opening lines Marbod writes :
"Evax, king of the Arabs, is said to have written to Nero,
Who after Augustus ruled next in the city.^
How many the species of stones, what names, and what
colors, From what regions they came, and how great the power
of each one."
Making use of this worthy book, Marbod has decided to compose a briefer account for himself and a few friends only, believing that he who popularizes mysteries lessens their majesty. As a result of this opening line and the fact that in some manuscripts Marbod's own name is not given, his poem is sometimes listed in the catalogues as the work of Evax.^ There is also, however, extant a work in Latin
*The full name of Tiberius was, of course, Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar.
" Library of Dukes of Bur- gundy 8890, I2th century, Evacis regis. BN 2621, 12th and 15th centuries, #6, Poemation de gem- mis cuius author dicitur Evax, Rex Arabiae.
Montpellior 277, Liber lapidum preciosorum Evax rex Arabum.
Riccard. 1228, 12th century, fols. 41-54; Incipit prologus Evacis regis Arabic ad Neronem Ty- berium de lapidibus. Incipit lapi- darius Evacis habens nomina gemmarum Ix.
BL Hatton 76 contains two let- ters of Evax, king of the Arabs, to Tiberius Caesar, on the virtues of stones, according to Cockayne (1864), I. xc and Ixxxiv.
XXXIV MARBOD jjy
prose which opens, "Evax, king of Arabia, to the emperor Tiberius greeting." ^ But as this prose work is not much longer than Marbod's poem, and seems to be known only from a single manuscript of the fourteenth century, it is doubtful if it is the work which he professed to abbreviate. This prose work is also ascribed to Amigeron or Dami- geron,^ to whom we have already seen that the author of Lithica was supposed to be indebted and whose name was regarded as that of a famous magician. After alluding to the magnificent gifts which the emperor had sent to Evax by the centurion Lucinius Fronto and offering this book in return, the author of the prose version lists seven stones ap- propriate, not, strangely enough, to the seven planets, but to seven of the signs of the zodiac.^ Fifty chapters are then devoted to as many stones, beginning with Aetites, which is twenty-fifth in Marbod's list, and ending with Sardo, while Sardiiis comes tenth in Marbod's poem. Marbod's own order, however, sometimes varies in the manuscripts.*
King, and Rose after him, asserted '^ that despite Marbod's Problem professed abridgement of a work which Evax was supposed Marbod's to have presented to Tiberius, he drew largely from Isidore sources. of Seville's Etymologies. Rose thought that some of the descriptions of stones were from Solinus, the rest from Isidore, but that the account of their virtues was from Evax. King also noted occasional extracts from the Orphic work, Lithica, which is not surprising in view of the fact that both Evax and the Lithica seem based on Damigeron. This question of sources and ultimate origins is, however, as usual of relatively little moment to our investigation. My own impression would be that in antiquity and the middle age
* Printed by J. B. Pitra, III that this may be derived from
(1855), 324-35- Marbod rather than even from
^ BN 7418, 14th century, fol. the earlier and fuller work which
116-, (D)amigeronis peritissimi he is supposed to have used.
de lapidibus. Since this is the ^ Namely, Leo, Cancer, Aries,
sole MS known of the prose ver- Sagittarius, Taurus, Virgo, and
sion (Rose, 1875, p. 326) and is Capricorn,
of the 14th century, whereas we * See page 775, note 2.
have numerous early MSS of ° King (1865), p. 7; Rose (1875),
Marbod's poem, it would seem p. 335.
778
MAGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE chap.
Influence of the Liber lapidum.
Occult virtue of gems.
there exists a sort of common fund of information and stock of beliefs concerning gems which naturally is drawn upon and appears in every individual treatise upon them. But the number of gems discussed and the order in which they are considered or classified varies with each new author, and there is apt to be a similar variation in the number of statements made concerning any particular stone and the way in which these are arranged. In fine, all ancient and medieval accounts of the natures and virtues of stones bear a general resemblance to one another which is more impressive than is the similarity between any two given accounts, and testify to a consensus of opinion and to a common learned tradition concerning gems which is more significant than the possible borrowings of individual authors from one another.
However, there seems to be little doubt that the poem of Marbod is itself an outstanding work among medieval ac- counts of precious stones, first because of the early date of its authorship, and second because of its late persistence and popularity, which is indicated by the fourteen editions that appeared after the invention of printing.^ Its convenient form perhaps accounts to a considerable extent for its popu- larity. At any rate the manuscripts of it are numerous, and it was much used by subsequent writers of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, although citations of Lapidaritis cannot always be assumed to refer to Marbod. But at least the no- tions concerning gems which we find in his poem are a fair sample of what we should find in any Latin treatment of the same subject for several centuries to come. It is found also in a medieval French version.
It does not make much difference where we begin or what stones we select from Marbod's list as examples, since the same sort of marvelous powers are ascribed to all of them. In his prologue Marbod describes the occult virtues of gems as those "whose hidden cause gives manifest ef- fects." No one should doubt them or think them false,
* Ferry (1887), p. 69.
XXXIV MARBOD 779
"since the virtue in gems is divinely implanted. Enormous virtue is given to herbs, but the greatest to gems."
Adamant, hard as it is, cracks when heated v^ith goat's blood. It counteracts the action of the magnet. It is used in the magic arts and makes its bearer indomitable. It drives off nocturnal specters and idle dreams. It routs black venom, heals quarrels and contentions, cures the insane, and repels fierce foes.
Allectory, found inside cocks, slakes thirst. Milo over- came other athletes, and kings have won battles by its aid. It restores promptly those who have been banished, enables orators to speak with a flow of language, makes one welcome on every occasion, and endears a wife to her husband. It is advised to carry it concealed in the mouth.
The sapphire nourishes the body and preserves the limbs whole. Its bearer, who should be most chaste, cannot be harmed by fraud or envy and is unmoved by any terror. It leads those in bonds from prison. It placates God and makes Him favorable to prayers. It is good for peace-making and reconciliation. It is preferred to other gems in hydromancy, since prophetic responses can be obtained by it. As for medicinal qualities, it cools internal heat, checks perspiration, powdered and applied with milk it heals ulcers, cleanses the eyes, stops headache, and cures diseases of the tongue.
Gagates, worn as an amulet, benefits dropsy; diluted with water, it prevents loose teeth from falling out ; fumiga- tion with it is good for epileptics and it is thought to be hostile to demons ; it remedies indigestion and constipation and overcomes magical illusions (praestigia) and evil incan- tations. Also
Per suffumigium mulieri menstrua reddit
Et solet, ut perhibent, deprehendere virginitatem.
Praegnans potest aquam triduo qua mersus habetur
Quo vexabatur partum cito libera fundit. Gagates burns when washed with water ; is extinguished by anointing it with olive oil
78o
MAGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE chap.
Liber lapidum was meant to be taken seriously.
The magnet is especially used in the illusions of magic. The great Deendor is said to have first used it, realizing that there was no more potent force in magic, and after him the famous witch Circe employed it. Among the Medes ex- perience revealed still further virtues of the stone. It is used to test a wife's chastity while she is sleeping; if she is unchaste, she will fall out of bed when the gem is applied to her head. A burglar can commit theft unmolested by sprinkling it over hot coals and so driving away all the oc- cupants of the house.
In the case of Chelonitis Marbod's account is very simi- lar to that in Pliny's Natural History,^ citing the Magi for the power of divination it bestows when carried under the tongue at certain times of the moon, according to whose phases its power varies. Of the gems hitherto described only in the case of adamant and gagates was there any resem- blance between Marbod and Pliny and there only partial.
Pliny also briefly states that the stone diadochos re- sembles beryl, but does not have Marbod's statements that it is employed in water divination to show varied images of demons, "nor is there other stone stronger to evoke shades." But if by chance it comes in contact with a corpse, it loses its wonted force, since the stone is sacred and abhors dead bodies.^
The vast powers, not only medicinal and physical, but of divination and magic, over the mind and affections, mirac- ulous and supernatural, even over God, as in the statement that the sapphire can be employed to secure a more favor- able answer to prayer, which Marbod assigns to gems with- out a sign of scruple or scepticism or disapproval on his part, have so shocked some moderns that suggestions have been made, in order to explain away the acceptance of talis- manic powers of gems to such a degree by a Christian clerj^- man who became a bishop, that Marbod must have com-
* NH XXXVI, 56. Pliny, how- ever, makes these statements about chelonia and not chelonitis which follows it.
'The stones which I have taken as examples are numbers 1, 3, 5, 18, 19, 39, and 57 respectively.
XXXIV MARBOD 781
posed his poem when quite young and lived to repent it, or that he regarded it merely as a poetical flight and exercise, not as an exposition of scientific fact. But wherefore then was it not only widely read in the literary twelfth century but also widely cited as an authority in the scientific and equally Christian thirteenth century? No; everyone else took it precisely as Marbod meant it, as a serious statement of the marvelous powers which had been divinely implanted in gems. And why should not God be more easily reached through the instrumentality of gems, since He had endowed them with their marvelous virtues? Marbod affirms his own faith in the great virtues of gems not only at the be- ginning but the close of his poem, stating that while some have doubted the marvelous properties attributed to them, this has been due to the fact that so many imitation gems are made of glass, which deceive the unwary but of course lack the occult virtues of the genuine stones. If the stones are genuine and duly consecrated, the marvelous effects will without a doubt follow. d f t
Marbod's belief in the almost boundless talismanic vir- genesi. tues of gems is thrown into the higher relief by the fact that in another of his poems he makes an attack upon ge- nethlialogy or the prediction of the entire life of the individ- ual from the constellations at his birth. In De fato et genesi he writes against "the common notion" (opinio vidgi) that all things are ruled by fate, that the hour of nativity con- trols man's entire life, and the contention of the mathematici that the seven planets control not only the external forces with which man comes in contact but also human character. He objects to such a doctrine as that, when Venus and Mars appear in certain relations to the sun, the babe born under that constellation will be destined to commit incest and adul- tery in later life. He objects that such beliefs destroy all the foundations of morality, law, and future reward or punishment; contends that there are certain races which never commit adultery or crime, yet have the same seven planets; and argues that since Jews are all circumcised on
782 MAGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE chap, xxxiv
the eighth day, they should all have the same horoscope. These are familiar contentions, at least as old as Bardesanes. Marbod declares further that the astrological writer, Firmi- cus, employs "infirm arguments," and that his own horo- scope, taken according to Firmicus' methods and interpreted likewise, turned out to be false, "as I proved when once I dabbled in that art." This is interesting as showing that Gerard of York ^ was not the only bishop of the eleventh century who was acquainted with the work of Julius Firmi- cus Maternus, and that even opponents of astrology are apt to have once been dabblers in it. Marbod concludes his poem with this neat turn :
"I thought I ought to write these lines briefly against genethlialogy.
Nevertheless, that I may not seem to repel fate and horo- scope utterly,
I assert that my fate is the Word of the supreme Father,
By Whom should all things be ruled and all men confess ;
And I say that the computation of my constellation is innate in me
And the liberty by which I can tend whither I will.
Therefore, if my will shall be in conjunction with reason
In the sign of the Balances with Christ regarding me,
All things will turn out prosperously for me here and everywhere : —
This is the favorable horoscope of all Christ's followers."
*See above, chapter 29, page 689.
GENERAL INDEX
Names of men of learning will be found for the most part in the bibliographical index.
Aaron, 357, 379, 464, 507
Abacus, 698, 704
Abbreviation, 135, 500, 624
Abdomen, diseases of, 577
Abimelech, 399
Abortion, 61, 94
Abraham the patriarch, astrology and science of 350, 353, 355, 411, 703 ; magic use of name of, 437, 449, 726
Abraxas, 371, 379
Abrotonum, an herb, 495
Abscess, 93
Abstinence from animal food, 295, 308, 314
Academy, the, 268, 270, 602
Accusation of magic against, Gal- en, 125, 165-7; alchemists, 194; Apuleius, 222, 232-40; ApoUoni- us of Tyana, 246; the emperor Julian, 318; Jews, 337, 436-9; Christ and Christians, 337, 383, 395-6, 415, 424, 433, 436-9, 463, 465, 50s; pagans, 415; philoso- phers, 416; heretics, 415, 424; Origen, 461 ; Priscillian, 380-1, 519-20; Libanius, 538; Bede, 635 ; Gerbert, 704-5 ; Constan- tinus Af ricanus, 744, 755 ; Dun- stan, 773
Achilles, ghost of, 264; master of, 597
Aconite, 74, 171
Acorn, 740
Acoustics, 185
Acron, 56
Adalbert, bishop of Bremen, 773
Adam, first man, 68r
Adamant, 81, 294, 636; swords of, 253, 258 ; breakable by goat's blood, 56, 85, 511, 588, 779; by lead, 657
Adder, 279, 721
Adopai, 365, 367, 451, 583, 726
Adrianaion, 434
Adultery, discovery of, 364, 644 |
783
Advertising, 186
Aeetes, 329
Aegina, 86, 301
Aelian, a consul, 262
Aemilianus, 224
Aeon, 363-4, 378, 383, 411
Aerimancy or Aeromancy, 344, 629
Aesculapius, shrine of, 283, 329, 379; and see other index
Aetites, a gem, 257, 329, 330, 581, 777
Affroselinum, 765
Agate, 294, 721
Agathodaemon, 173, 292, 379, 587, 661 ; and see other index
Aglaides, 431
Aglaonice, 203
Agnus castus, an herb, 756
Agnus Dei, 72,7
Agricultural magic, 21, 70, 79-80, 93-4, 216, 219, 294, 604-S, 626
Ague, 536
Air, importance of pure, 142, 151 ; pressure of, 188; experiments with, 190-2; and continuity of universe, 206 ; star in, 478
Albicerius, 518
Alchemy, Egyptian, 12-3; Greek, 59. 131, 193-200, 320, 544-5, 764; Pliny, 81, 193 ; Arabic and Latin, chap, xxxiii, 368, 398, 649, 663-4, 669-70, 697, 757, 772>
Alcmaeon, 324
Alcohol, 468, 765
Alcoholism, 253
Alexander the Great, chap, xxiv, 186, 496, 602; and see other in- dex
Alexander of Abonutichus, 277-8
Alexander V, pope, 106
Alexandria, as a center of an- cient learning, 27, 39, 48, 105, 109, 123, 145, 187, 224, 291, 318, 348, 449, 541, 552, 763; dissection at, 147; measures of, 144; rela- tions with India, 245; in the
784
GENERAL INDEX
p s e u d o - Clementine Homilies, 404, 408
Alexandrina, golden, 739
Alexandrinus Olympius, 300
Alive, taken from, 580, 591 ; burned, see Crab
Allectory, a gem, 779
Allegory and allegorical interpre- tation, in alchemy, 195-8; of the Bible, 350, 479, 484, 633; in zo- ology, 396, 500, 502 ; miscellane- ous, 545, 626; and see Symbol- ism
Almanac, 318
Almond, 78
Aloaeus, see Eloeus
Alphabet in magic and divination, 197, 370. 380, 592, 664, 711; and see Vow^el
Alphabetical order, 166, 176, 606, 610
Alpheus, river, 102
Altar, 80, 239, 295, 378
Alum, 765
Amazons, 114, 564, 603
Ambassador, see Embassy
Amber, 49, 213
American Indians, 16-17
Amiantus, a gem, 81, 213
Ammon, the god, 546, 553, 561-2
Ammon (or, Hammon), King of Egypt, 291
Ammonia, 571
Amnael, an angel, 195
Amor aquae, 764
Amulet, Egyptian, 10; in Pliny, 70, 77, 81, 85, 87, 89, 92; in Ga- len, 166, 172-3, 176; in Plutarch, 204, 294; Gnostic, 380; Aris- totle represented as an adept in, 563 ; post-classical and early medieval medicine, 572, 580, 755 ; Arabic, 655-6; and see Ligatures and suspensions
Amusements, ancient, 137, 486
Anaesthetics, 142, 626
Anastasius, Pope, 461
Anatomy, of Galen, 145-51 ; Em- pirics hostile to, 157; of Rasis, 668
Andrew, St., legend of, 435
Andronicus, the prefect, 542
Anemone, 65
Angel, see Spirit
Angitia, 329
Anglo-Saxon, manuscripts, chap, xxix, 597, 612-3; medicine, chap, xxxi
Angobatae, 188
Animal, incapable of magic, 4; in early Greek religion, 23 ; habits, intelligence, jealousy, and reme- dies employed by, 26, 57, 73-5, 217-8, 254, chap, xii, 460, 490, 574, 626; use of parts of, 11, 20, 67-70, 75-6, 87, 133, 167, 229, 587, 606, 721, 740, 755, 766; living in fire, 240; sacred, 311; minute, 27s; in art, 502; breeding and horoscopes of, 516; and see Abstinence from animal food, Gods, Language, Sculpture, Transformation, and the names of individual animals
Anise, 229
Annacus, king, 340
Annunciation, 263
Anonymity, 133, 728
Ant, 71-2, 75, 81, 98, 329, 331 ; In- dian, 636
Anthemius of Tralles, 575
Anthropology, 300
Anthropos, Gnostic, 380
Antichrist, 417
Antidote, 130, 154, 253, 441, 494
Antimony, 735
Antioch, 254, 296, 404, 421, 428, 431, 472, 662, 747
Antipathy, 84, 173, 213, 217, 219, 239, 581, 605
Antiphon, an interpreter of omens, 562
Antipodes, 219, 480-I
Antiscia, 537
Anubion, 420
Ape, 148, 256; and see Cynoceph- alus
Apelles the painter, 55
Apollo, 23, 93, 212, 253, 294, 317, 326, 371, 429, 735
Apollobeches, 58
Apollonius of Tyana, chap, viii, 165, 244, 288, 295, 390, 435, 465
Apoplexy, 536
Apothecary, 84, 129
Apparatus, magical, 28, 190; and see Magic, materials
Apparition, 66, 68, 204, 208, 215, 437-8, 455, 496, 509-10, 779; and see Spirit
Appion, 419-20; and see Apion in other index
Appius, friend of Cicero, 270
Applied science, ancient, chap, v, 408; early medieval, chap, xxxiii
Aquila, disciple of Peter, chap. xvii
Aquileia, 124
GENERAL INDEX
785
Arab, Arabia, and Arabic, early poetry, 6 ; drugs and spices from, 84, 129, 765; Apollonius of Tyana in, 261, 295 ; magic of, 280; home of the Magi, 476; learning, 2\,iZ9, I74, 189, 578, chaps, xxviii, xxx, xxxii ; and see Middle Ages, Translations
Arcadia, 214, 249, 283
Archiater, 125, 161, 536
Architecture, 122, chap, v
Archon, see Spirit
Arcturus, 331, 636
Arena, 133, 147; and see Gladiator
Areobindus, a consul, 607
Arethusa, 102
Argemon, an herb, 79
Ariolus, 629
Aristochia, an herb, 615
Arithmetic, 126, 319, 619, 628, 704
Armenian, 351, 374, 497, 554
Arms and armor, 344
Aromatics, 311 ; and see Spice, Un- guent
Arrow, extracted, 756; poisoned, 767
Art and the Arts, magic and, 6, 28; standards of, 187, 407; early medieval, chap, xxxiii ; and see Artisan and the names of vari- ous arts
Artemis Tauropolos, 429
Artemisia, 89
Artery, 147
Artisan, 482, 486
Aruspex, see Haruspex
Asbestos, 213-4, 434
Ascension, of Romulus, 274; of Simon Magus, 422
Ascetic, see Monasticism
Asclepius, a god,_253, 277, 546, 735; and see other index
Ash, tree, 86
Ashes, reduced to, 68, 80, 91, 170, 57 1 -4, 581, 586-8, 590, 721
Ashthroat, an herb, 722
Asp, 57, 85, 324, 494, 571, 580, 587, 626
Asparagus, 599
Asphalt, 132, 574
Asphodel, 88
Ass, 76, 88, 230, 275, 326, 367, 734, 740
Assurbanipal, 15, 27
Assyria, magic of, 11, 15-20, 58, 295, 629; bibliography, 33-5
Astanphaeus, 365, 367
Asthma, 76
Astral theology, 15, 17, 360-1 ; and see Astrology, Star
Astrolabe, 115, 501, 542, 559, chap, xxx, 728
Astrological medicine, 179, 575, 633, 738
Astrology, chaps, iii, ix, xi, xv, xxix, xxx; also, Egyptian, 13-4; Sumerian or Chaldean, 15-7, and see Chaldean; Greek, 22, 25-6; Pliny, 91, 94-7; popular Roman, 127, 285; Galen, 127, 166, 178; Greek philosophy and, 180-1 ; Vitruvius, 184-5, 187; Hero, 193; alchemy and, 197; Plutarch, 207, 209; Apuleius, 231, 239-40; Brahmans, 253 ; Lucian, 282-3 ; Nechepso, Petosiris, and Mane- tho, 292-3; Solinus, 330; Hora- pollo, 333; Hermes, 290-2; Enoch, 340-1 ; Philo Judaeus and Jevk'ish, 353-6; Pseudo-Clement, 410-3 ; church fathers, 444, 455- 8, 464, 466, 471-5, 492; Augus- tine, 513-21; Firmicus, 529-38; Pseudo-Quintilian, 540; Syne- sius, 543; Nectanebus, 560-3; Alexander of Tralles, 583 ; Her- barium of Apuleius, 598; Geo- ponica, 604-5; Boethius, 621-2; Isidore, 632-3 ; Arabic, 644-52, 661-6, 670; Salernitan, 738; Con- stantinus Africanus, 756; Mar- bod, 781-2; alchemy and, 76^', magic and, 300, 432, 464, 538, 540; and see Christ, birth of; Image; Magi; Planet; Star
Astronomy, of Egypt, 13, 542, 545, 559; Tigris-Euphrates, 15-6, 34; India, 31; Greek, 31-2; benefits of, 47, 96 ; of Ptolemy, 105, 107 ; and architecture, 122, 185 ; his- tory of, 366, 707 ; miscellaneous, 219, 395, 520, 536, 663, 704
Atavism, 141
Atheism, 234
Athens, 28, 95, 142, 217, 230, 249, 429; as center of learning, 135, 200, 222, 242, 269, 277, 538, 541, 602
Athlete, 186, 248, 486
Atlas, Mt., 54
Atom, Atomic theory, Atomism, 140, 169, 178. 205, 408
Attalus, king of Pergamum, 135, 171
Attalus III, 236
Augury, in Assyria, 17; Rome, 95; Seneca, 103; Galen, 171; denied
786
GENERAL INDEX
by Atomists, 178; accepted by Stoics, 180; Neo-PIatonists, 315; Jews and early Christians on, 352, 458-9, 466, 511, 513, 534, 630; miscellaneous, 560, 629, 673, 705
Auspices, 430, 629
Authority and Authorities, attitude to, citation by, Pliny, 46, 49, 75 ; Ptolemy, 107; Galen, 118, 152- 8, 167; Vitruvius, 186-7; Zosi- mus, 198; bogus, 215; Cicero, 270; Solinus, 327-8; Hippoly- tus, 469; Firmicus, 537; Aeti- us, 570; Marcellus, 585-6; me- dieval freedom with, 611; Ma- cer, 614; Isidore, 624-5; Petro- cellus, 734; miscellaneous, 32, 215, 778
Automaton, 188, 192, 230, 440
Axle-grease, 92
Baal, priest of, 386
Babel, 453
Babylon and Babylonia, 11, 14-21, 23-4, 31, 33-5, 95, 97, 227, 239, 247-8, 266, 283, 360-1, 376, 383-4, 414, 527, 537, 652, 661, 744
Bagdad, 661-2, 667, 744, 762
Balaam, prophet or magician ? 267, 352-3, 385, 445-8, 459; and the Magi, 385, 444, 474, 479, 519
Balach or Balak, 447
Baldness, 536
Balis, an herb, 75
Balsam, 392, 738
Baptism, 368, 373, 405, 408, 432
Barbarians, 148, 376, 445, 449, 619, 638
Barbarossa, see Frederick I
Barber, 229
Barcelona, 699
Barefoot, 599
Barley, 88; water, 143
Baroptenus, a gem, 81
Barrocus, an herb, 615
Basilica at Fano, 187
Basilides, the heretic, 372
Basilisk, 67, 70, 75, 169, 494, 573, 603, 626, 636 ; and cock, 324, 771
Basilius the magician, 639
Basin, 560
Bat, 68-9, 159, 331, 587
Bath, 142-3, 281, 587, 676, 729; public, 140, 295, 434-5 ; sea, 231- 2, 405
Battle predicted, 275
Bayeux Tapestry, 502, 675
Bean, 591
Bear, 75, 92, 219, 367, 490; licks
cubs into shape, 168, 177, 331;
constellation of the, 179 Beard, 416
Beast, name of the, 582 Beasts, wild, 216, 229, 564, 669;
dealers in, 133 Beauty, 300, 4^ Beaver, 502, 636; castration of,
^d,-^, 332, 574
Bed-bug, 68, 85, 89, 175
Bee, 76, 85, 219, 615, 636, 721 ; and see Honey
Beech tree, 213
Beetle, 81, 219, 581
Behbit el-Hagar, 559
Behemoth, 346-7, 367
Bektanis, 559
Bell, church, 722
Bellerophon, 282
Bell's palsy, 738
Belt, see Girdle
Bemarchius, rival of Libanius, 538
Berenice, 463, 558
Beryl, 780
Bethlehem, star of, see Christ, birth of; Magi, who came to Christ child
Betony, 77, 86, 7Z7
Bibliography, of Pliny, 46, 215; Isidore, 623; Peter the Deacon, 746
Bile, 171, 177
Bird, 73, 78, 80, 201, 218, 236, 325, 460, 544 ; rite of strangling, 301 ; mechanical, 192, 266; and see Augury and the names of indi- vidual birds
Birth-control, 94
Birth-mark, 713
Bishop, 542
Bishopwort, 722
Bitumen, 571, 574, 603
Bituminous trefoil, 175
Black, 68, 175, 582, 591
Bladder, 536, 599, 769
Bleeding, 75, 125, 141-2, 162, 177, 576, 676, 679, 681, 684-s, 688, 724, 728, 735, 737-8
Blind, 536, 590
Blood, miraculous, 231 ; human, use of, 61, 102, 175, 227, 581, 603, 629, 721 ; human, and the moon, 98, 146, 391 ; circulation of, 409, 430 ; of various animals used, 86-7, 89, 131, 159, 166, 17s,
587, 590, 727, 729, 737, 7(^-7; and see Adamant, Bleeding, Hemorrhage Blotch, 640
GENERAL INDEX
787
Boar, 69, 92, 580, 599
Boethus, 134
Boil. 88
Bones, stuck in throat, 71, 583 ; number in body, 2)7^ ; prehis- toric, 407 ; use of, 573, 583. 656
Book, trade in Roman empire, 134- 5 ; magic, 432, 435, 472, 505, 705 ; loss of, 752
Bordeaux, 568
Borellus, duke, 704
Botany, 20, 65, 129, 343, 463; and see Herb
Box, 229, 250
Boy, in divination and magic, 81, 239, 249, 416-9, 463; and peony,
173
Bracelet, 81, 89
Brahmans, 248-54, 258, 266, 376, 407, 410, 412, 450-1, 556, 564
Brain, center of nervous system, 145-6 ; cavities of, 659-60, 735 ; inflammation of, 536; of various animals used, see names of in- dividual animals
Bread, 89, 424 ; blessing and break- ing, 727
Breastplate of high priest, 495
Breath and breathing, 134, 146, 207, 658
Brindisi, 764
Britain and Briton, 59, 141, 206-7, 376, 489
Bronze, 764
Buddha, 251
Bugloss, viper's, an herb, 722
Buglossa, an herb, 615
Bull, 79, 86, 168, 261, 367, 599, 765- 6; tamed by fig-tree, 77, 213, 2,Z^, 626
Bulrush, 92
Buprestis, 77, 494
Burial, magic, 69-70, 80, 88, 662, 666; alive, 421
Burned to death, 433, 571, 639
Business, 97, 107, 128, 248, (£6; early Christian attitude to, 494
Butter, 154, 721-2
Byzantine, 189, 194-5, Z^t,, 398, 482, 555, 569, 607, 72,2, 745, 761-2
Cabbage, 86, 175 Cabbala, 7, 365 Caesarea, 404-6 Cairo, 8 Calchas, 271 Calculus, 536
Calendar, 13-4, 327, 345, 676, 686, 712
Calf, 150, 571
Caligula, emperor, 193, 349
Caliph, 607, 653, 670, 745
Canwleon, 600; and see Cha- meleon
Camel, 396, 62,6
Campus Martius, 424-5
Canal, Isthmian, 262
Candelabrum, 380
Candle, magic, 87, 380, 385, 469
Candlestick, seven-branched, 385, 676
Cannibal, 61-2, 573
Canute, king, 351
Carolingian, 616, 635
Carpenter, 393
Carpesium, a drug, 132
Carpocrates, a heretic, 371
Cart rut, 81, 88-91, 721
Carthage, 222, 269, 553, 744
Carton, 129
Carystus, 213
Cask, 767-8
Caspian Sea, 489
Castoria, 739
Cat, 68, 636
Cataract, in eye, 175, 729
Catarrh, 82, 88-9, 142, 176
Caterpillar, 80
Cathedral, 501-2, 761
Catochites, a gem, 330
Caul of an ox, 469
Cauldron, 468
Cauterization, 536, 723
Cecrops, 415
Cedar, 20
Celidonius, see Swallow-stone
Celt and Celtic, 245, 567-8, 722, 732
Cemetery, 434
Cenchrea, 136
Centaur, 603 ; and see Chiron in other index
Centipede, 76, 494, 587
Cerberus, 280
Ceremonial, Egypt, 10 ; Assyria, 18, 20; Pliny, 64, 69, 71, 77-82, 90; Apuleius, 230, 235; Orphic, 295 ; rite of strangling birds, 301 ; Gnostic, 378 ; Marcellus, 590-2 ; Arabic, 663 ; medieval medicine, 726; and see Herb, plucking of ; Spirit, invocation of ; etc.
Chalcite, 132
Chaldean (mostly mere mentions of), 16-7, 98, 102, 185, 201, 230, 239, 250, 253, 272-4, 279, 281, 287, 316, 323, 353, 375-6, 380, 399, 430,
788
GENERAL INDEX
444, 456, 469, 476, 479, 519, 560, 632, 703, 711,744
Chalkydri, 347
Cham, see Ham
Chameleon, 62, 175, 581
Chance, experience, 36, 75, 156, 172, 754; and fate, 210
Chaplet, 295
Characters, magic use of, 229, 257, 314, 317, 512, 579, 592-3, 604, 630, 645, 654, 724-30
Charicles, 232
Chariot, 423
Charlatan, 668-9; and see Old- wives
Charlemagne, 214, 556, 672, 764
Charon, 277
Chastisements, 204
Chastity, 78, 81, 83, 204, 216, 295, 308, 326, 564, 581, 588, 590, 599, 799-80; and see Virgin
Cheese, 142, 325, 509
Chelidonia and Chelidonius, see Swallow-wort and Swallow- stone
Chelonitis, a gem, 780
Chemical and Chemistry, 132-40, 467-9; and see Alchemy
Chick, 76, 754, 771 ; Aristotle on embryology of, 30, 146
Chickpea, 88
Child-bearing and Child-birth, y6, 78, 84, 87, 92, 94, 102, 175, 177, 216, 253, 260, 295, 325, 496, 581, 68s, 713, 726, 738, 740; forma- tion of child in womb, 150, 545, 557, 757; child born after eight months dies, 181, 356, 757; monstrous birth, 627 ; and see Abortion, Birth-control
Chimaera, 367
China and Chinese, 6-7, 214; and see Seres
Chiromancy, 386
Chneph or Chnuphis, 379
Chrism, 738
Christ, 137-9, 243, 363, 379, 386, 404-S, 422, 510, 527, 529, 620, 674-5, 782 ; accused of magic, see Accusation ; birth of, and astrol- ogy, 386, 438, 457, 464, 471-9, 703 ; birth, virgin, 460 ; child, chap, xvi, 390; power of name of, 434, 452, 466, 638-9, 72s, 729- 30
Christian and Christianity, Book II, passim; 137, 139, 207, 275-6, 285, 296, 298, 306, 312, 320, 327, 554, 568, 584, 602, chap, xxvii,
642, 715; and see Religion,
Theology Christmas, 678 Chronology, 135, 209, 624, 711;
and see Calendar Church fathers, Book II, passim;
180, 225, 241, 302, 618 Cicada, 169 Cinaedia, 590 Cinnabar, 626, 761, 764 Cinnamon, 129-30, 256 Circe, 21, 65, 324, 434, 509, 629 Circle, magic, 78, 86-7, 91, 197, 281,
366, 599; squaring the, 706;
Cardan's concentric, 769 Circumcision, 449, 475, 781 Circus, 295, 486 City, fortune of, predicted, 273,
283 ; ancient, 489, 504 ; ideal, 349-
50, 460 Civilization, magic and origin of,
5-6; Pliny as source for history
of, 43 Clairvoyance, 647 ; and see Divina- tion, natural Clarus, 224 Classical heritage, 555, 618, 636;
and see Middle Ages Classics, superstition in, 21-4 Claudia, 55 Clay, animals, 393, 769; and see
Pottery Climate, 184 Cloak, virtue of, 397, 435 Clock, see Time Clothing, virtue in, 136, 295, 382,
chap, xvi, 407, 441, 534, 598, 666 ;
and see names of various ar- ticles of Clyster, 142 Cock, 168, 175, 320, 324-5, 766, 771,
779 ; cock-crow, 280, 405 Cog-wheel, 192 Cold, quality, 140, 161, 219; drink,
141 ; disease, 589 Colic, 87, 169, 579, 582, 590 Cologne, three kings of, 446, 477 Colonus, 638 Colony, Greek, 318 Color, discussed, 140, 486; chang- ing, 216; in magic, 90, 367, 369,
590, 721 ; and see the names of
individual colors Combustible compounds, see
Candle Comedy, Greek, 22-4 Comet, 96, 115, 457, 543, 633, 635,
(>73 Commodus. emperor, 125, 129
GENERAL INDEX
789
Compass, points of, 91, 114, 378,
586, 591, 724 Compotus or Computus, 536, 676-
7, 728 Compound, magical or medicinal,
ID, 83, 140, 152, 159-60, 172, 571,
586-7, 722, 72A Conception, 562, 656, 724, 740 Condrion, an herb, 74 Confederate, in magic fraud, 467 Conjunction, astrological, 104, 642,
648-9
Conjuration of an herb, 583; and see Incantation, Spirit, invoca- tion of
Consecration, of a painted grape, 80; of gems, 295, 781; and see Holy
Constantine the Great, 525fif.
Constantine Monomachos, 745
Constantine Porphyrygennetos, 604
Constantius, emperor, 525ff.
Constans, emperor, 525ff.
Constantinople, 472, 477, 494, 533, 541 ; and see Byzantine
Constellation, 14, 114, 178, 304, 709
Constipation, 779
Consumption, 213, 2,7Z, 536, 588
Cook, 148
Copernican theory, 32
Copperas, 467
Coptic, 361, 377
Coral, 656
Cordova, 704, 762
Corinth, 123, 136, 230, 262, 280
Corn extracted, 71
Corpse, 147, 229, 309, 629, 780; and see Necromancy, Resurrection
Cosmetics, 152, 668
Cotton, 252
Couch, 561
Cough, 88, 176
Counter-irritant, 723
Cow, 77, 79, 81, 8s, 32s, 769
Crab, and snake, 99; river, use of eye of, 68-9; burned alive, 80, 178; use of ash of, 170, 572; stone in head of, 72,7
Crane, sentinel, 217; windpipe of, used in magic, 278, 467
Craw-fish, 217
Creation, 16, 346, 408, chap, xxi, 504-5, 627-8; position of stars at, 711, 713
Credulity and scepticism, chap, ix ; in Pliny, 50-1, 61-4, 67, 70, 77, 80-1, 88, 98; Galen and the Em- pirics, 157-8, 168-9, 175 ; Seneca,
102-3 ; Plutarch, 204, 212-3 ;
other cases, 225, 244, 255, 388,
440, 491-2, 539, 573-4, 626, 637,
65s, 671, 780 Crete, 129, 135, 249, 260 Cricket, 67, 72>7 Crime and criminal, 147, 167, 171,
207, 225, 581 ; and see Magic,
evil and criminal; Sin Critical days, 158, 161, 164, 179-
80, 356, 756 Crocodile, 74, 166, 218, 238, 280 Cropleek, 722 Cross, nail from, 280; in sky, 475;
sign of, 432, 434, 466, 638-9, 722 Crow, 207, 314, 324, 409, 636, 655 Cruelty, 136, 225 Crystal, 294, 767 Cube, 184 Cuckoo, 81 Cummin seed, 93 Cuneiform, 15 Cup, Joseph's divining, 386 Cupping glass, 192 Curlew, 217
Curse, 28, 93, 2>^, 434 Cynics, 277
Cynocephalia, an herb, 67 Cynocephalus, 70, 333 Cyprus, magic of, 59; oil of, 68;
Galen's visit *o, 131-2 Cyrene, 541
Dacian, 597
Daedalus, 283^
Daily life, magic in, 9-10, 20; ex- perience from, 54
Danish, 612
Dardanus, a magician, 58-9, 463, 558
Darius, 256, 260
"Dark Ages," 618
Date, the fruit, 20
Date, discussed of, Ptolemy, 105; Hero, 188; Greek alchemists, 193-4 ; works of Apuleius, 222- 5 ; Solinus, 326-7 ; Horapollo, 331; Enoch literature, 341-2; apocryphal Gospels, 388-9 ; Pseudo - Clementines, 404-6; Physiologus, 497-9 ; Augustine, 504; Mathesis of Firmicus, 526- 7; Synesius, 541; Pseudo-Callis- thenes and Julius Valerius, 552- 5; Aetius, 570; Marcellus, 584-5; early medieval pseudo-literature, 594-6 ; Macer, 612-3 ; Thebit, 661 ; introduction of Arabic al- chemy, 77S ; and see Calendar,
790
GENERAL INDEX
Chronology, Compotus, Crea- tion, Easter
Day, observance of, lucky and un- lucky, 14, 21, 106, 383, 513, 582, 588, 590, 592, 661, chap, xxix, 721, 725, 727, 754; and see Crit- ical ; Egyptian ; Moon, day of ; Planetary week
Dead Sea, 138
Deaf, 536
Decans, 178, 291, 315, 376, 453
Deendor, a magician, 780
Deer, 68, 70, 74, 84, 94, 207, 294, 324, 586, 734
Degree, academic, 619; medical, 751-2
Delirium, 536
Delphic oracle, 201, 266, 283, 326, 538, 582
Demeter, 429
Demigod, 546
Demiurge, 212, 383
Demon, see Spirit
Dentistry, 12; and see Tooth
Depilatories, see Hair
Deroldus, bishop, yZ2>
Desert, herbs in, 54
Desiderius, abbot, 747
Design, argument from, 139, 148, 408, 490
Desire, as a factor in magic, 644
Deucalion, 341
Devotio, see Curse
Dew, 102
Diacastoria, 739
Diadochos, a gem, 780
Diagram, 366-7, 674
Dialectic, 420, 439, 536
Diana, 130
Dice, 136, 486
Dick, Mr., 64
Dictamnon, see Dittany
Dictation, ancient, 45, 134
Dictionary, 599, 624
Dictynna, 249
Die, 582 ; and see Dice
Diet, 98, 137, 142, 159, 282, 414, 429, 577, 587, (>^^. 684, 735
Digestion, 137, 205, 585
Dinocrates, 186
Diocletian, emperor, 194
Diomedes, 330
Dionysius, an Egyptian, 440
Dionysus, the god, 251, 546
Dioptrics, 108
Dipsas, a snake, 172, 284, 494
Direction, observance of, in magic, 90-1, 666; and see Compass, Right. Left
Disease, 25, 98, 150, 208, 219, 310, 430, 434, 536 ; magic transfer of, 19, 61, 71, 79, 213, 588-9; and see Spirit, Woman, and the names of individual diseases
Dissection, 88, 134, 146-8, 164, 581, 746
Dittany, 218, 495
Dives and Lazarus, 448
Divinatio, a disease, 755 ; and see .150-1
Divination, chaps, ix, xxix, 86, 127, 143, 165, 180, 253, 285, 533, 539-40, 713; varieties listed, 560 ; in China, 6-7 ; Egypt, 13 ; Tigris-Euphrates, 17; India, 251; relation to magic, 5, 14, 17, 60, 226, 233, 295, 432, 512, 543, 629; by divine revelation, 205, 249, 314, 364, 533, and see Prophecy; by demons, 442-3, 510, 546; natural, 103, 205, 239, 305, 314, 318-9, 419, 518, 542-3; by animals, 315, 325-6, 490, and see Augury ; by eating parts of animals, 70, 257, 314; by boys, 249, 418-9, 463 ; by enthusiasm, 180; by herbs, 66, 77, 614; by drinking or inhaling, 313 ; by Kalends, 677, 684; by lots, num- bers, names, 112, 679, 682, 711, 713, and see Lot-casting; by polished surfaces, 774; by sounds, 313, 430; by stones, 70; by symbols, 166 ; by winds, 676, 678; and see Aerimancy, Cup, Dream, Geomancy, Haruspex, Hydromancy, Knot, Liver, Moon, Omen, Pyromancy, Sac- rifice, Sieve, Selenomancy, Thunder
Dog, kennel, 69; jealous, 75; puppyhood, 150; omens from, 231 ; prescience of, 325; as sym- bol, 367; demons as, 435; and mandragora, 607 ; torn to pieces by, 277, 425,; to stop bark or attack of, 77, 216, 249, 424, 605; disease transferred to, 88, 590-1 ; use of parts of, 68, 70, 89, 90, 159, 168-9, 573-4, 737, 755; mad, and bite of, 68, 82, 86, 131, 169, 178, 259, 263-4, 284, 2>72, 391, 572, 656, 713, 754
Dog-days, 572, 728, 756, 765
Dogmatism, 154, 159, 735
Dog-star, 66, 98, 178, 604
Dolphin, 55, 218, 260
Domitian, emperor, 249-50, 259-65
GENERAL INDEX
791
Door, used in magic, 71, 591 ; af- fected by magic, 226-7, 3i4> 449! trap, 469
Dorians, 219
Dositheus, 365, 417
Dove, 142, 168, 324, 332, 636, 740
Draconites, a gem, 75
Dragon, 75, 231, 257, 326, 367, 392, 429, 561, 603, 766; use of parts of, 68, 70; combat with ele- phant, 74, 257, 626; flying, 347
Dragontes, an herb, 614
Drama, and magic, 22-3, 324; li- turgical, 476-7
Dream and divination from, in Egypt, 13-4; in cuneiform texts, 17 ; Pliny, 56, 81 ; Galen, 123, 154. 156, 166, 170, 177-80; Plu- tarch, 204, 205 ; Apuleius, 231 ; Apollonius, 260 ; Lucian, 283 ; Neo-Platonists, 314, 545 ; Philo, 354, 358; Pilate's wife, 395; Origen, 459; Nectanebus, 560-2; Alkindi, 646; miscellaneous, 197, 329, 412, 434, 437, 459, 463, 487, 509, 534, 627, 671, 680-1, 720, 754, 763, 779
"Dream-senders," 368
Dropsy, 69, 213, 536, 779
Drugs, 55, 61, 84, 89, 128, 132, 370, 467, 561, 668
Druid, 46, 59, 67, 79, 640
Drum, 204, 313
Dualism, 361, 409
Duck, 87-8
Dung, 68, 69, 86, 166, 168, 588, 656, 734, 740, 769
Dye, 324, 467, chap, xxxiii
Ea, a god, i8
Eagle, 87, 90, 176, 217, 257, 325-6, 332, 441, 496, 574, 636
Ear, 536
Earache, 169, 579, 755
Ear-wax, 721, 769
Earth, appeased, conjured, per- sonified, and deified, 66, 79, 86, 251, 295, 583, 598; virtue of, 81, 88, 592, and see Cart rut, Terra sigillata; things not allowed to touch the ground, 70, 79, 8r, 173, 582, 588; sphericity of, 480; miscellaneous, 211, 373; and see Burial, Land and Water, Under- ground
Earthquake, 97, loi, 250, 254, 264, 271, 430, 469, 562
Earthworm, 68-9, 89, 176, 573-4, 587, 720
Easter, 521, 677; mystery of, 677
Ebionites, 405
Ebony, 560
Echeneis, 212, 491, 626
Eclipse, 96, 98, 203-4, 209, 262, 333, 386, 564, 673
Editions, especially early printed, Pliny, 53; Ptolemy, 106, no; Galen, 1 19 ; Solinus, 326 ; Fir- micus, 525 ; Pseudo-Callisthenes and Julius Valerius, 551-2; Let- ter of Alexander, 555; post- classical medicine, 566-7, 577; Herbarium of Apuleius, 597; Ethicus, 601; Geoponica, 604; Dioscorides, 606-10; Macer, 612; Isidore, 623 ; Latin translations from Arabic, 642, 649ff., 653, 657, 665, 668, 716; Regimen Sa- lernitanum, 736 ; Constantinus Af ricanus, chap, xxxii ; treatises on arts, 760; Marbod, 775, 778
Education, as experienced or dis- cussed by, Galen, 118-28; Vit- ruvius, 187; Plutarch, 200-1; Apuleius, 222-4; Lucian, 277; Christ child, 394; Cyprian, 429- 31 ; Firmicus, 525 ; Synesius, 540-1; Bede, 634-5; Rasis, 667; Gerbert, 704; Constantinus, 744; Dunstan, 772', Marbod, 775
Eel, 491
Egg, shell, 54; test of freshness, 55; made by hiss of snakes, 67; addled by certain men, 83 ; so- called, of alchemy, 198; goose, 277 ; filled with dye, 467 ; por- tents from, 562, 772, ; raw, 729
Egypt, 7-14, 27-8, 30-1, 193-5, 198, 206, 228-30, 239, 248, 250, 287, 289, 300, 325, 331-4, 360, 376, 379, 391, 414-6, 430, 437-8, 446, 450, 452, 459, 503, 527, 537, 543, 558- 60, 598, 744; and see Plagues of
Egyptian Days, 14, chap, xxix, 728
Elchasaites, 373
Elections, astrological, 372-3, 386, 517
Electrum, 590
Elements, various theories of, 25,
139, 157, 218, 254, 382, 408, 410, 478, 485, 488, 528-9, 622, 645, 720; not found in a pure state,
140, 489
Elephant, intelligence of, 73, 75, 169, 218, 256, 636; habits, 213, 322, 324, 332, 460; dissection of, 148; compared with fly, 408;
792
GENERAL INDEX
white, 763 ; and see Dragon for combat with
Elephantiasis, 57, 170, 572
Eleusinian mysteries, loi, 148
Elijah, 386, 555
Elixir, 670
Eloeus, 365, 367
Eloi, 583
Elymas the sorcerer, 461
Elysian fields, 207
Embalming, magic in, 8
Embassy, of Philo, 349; Synesius, 541 ; Leo, 557
Embryology, see Chick, Child- birth
Emerald, 434, 656, 772
Emperor, Roman, 47, 50, 124, 129- 30, 135, 176, 186, 194, 529; and see names of individual empe- rors
Empiric, Empirica, Empiricism,
56-7, 155-7, 172, 735, 754
Empousa, 310
Empyrean, see Heaven
Enceladus, 254
Encyclopedia, ancient, 43 ; Arabic, 663; medieval, 52, 569
Endor, witch of, 385, 448, 464, 469-71, 506, 509-10, 629, 635
Entrails, see Intestines, Liver div- ination
Ephesus, 259-62
Ephod, 448
Epic, 16, 18
Epicurean, 138, 150, 283, 408, 441
Epidaurus, 329
Epilepsy, 69, 87, 90, 173, 235, 238, 536, 578-81, 614, 723, 726, 730, 735-6, 754-6, 779
Epitome, 495, 554-5, 568-9, 594, 6o3ff..
Er, vision of, 212
Erataoth, a spirit, 2^7
Eretrians, 260
Eridu, 15
Erigeron, an herb, 89
Erystion, an herb, 598
Essenes, 405
Ether, 254, 373; and see Heaven
Ethics, 602
Ethiopia and Ethiopic, 141, 245, 256, 283, 327, 341, 345, 398, 435, 498, 554, 558-60, 654, 658, 744
Etruscan, 467, 630
Etymology, 625
Eucharist, 369
Eucrates, 280-1
Eugenianus, 133
Eugenics, 414
Eumeces, a gem, 81
Euphrates, a philosopher, 246, 253, 263 ; and see Tigris-
Eustachian tube, 576
Evangelists, four, 502, 674, 721
Eve, 350, 511, 681
Evil, problem of, 305, 309, 349; eye, see Fascination
Evolution, doctrine of, 149, 493
Ewe hop plant, 722
Excommunication, 542
Excrement, human, 74, 143, 573 ; and see Dung
Exercise, physical, 587
Exorcism, 18, 24, 280, 299, 368, 386, 435, 533-4, 682, 722
Experience, Experiment, Experi- mental method, and magic, 57, 431-2, 447, 469, 540; in Pliny, 53-7, 83, 88; Ptolemy, 106-7; Galen, 118, 121, 144-63, 169, 173, 175, 179; Vitruvius, 187; Hero, 190; Greek alchemists, 198; Plutarch, 213; Apuleius, 237; Simon Magus, 420-2; Firmicus, 532 ; post-classical medicine, 569, 573, 578-80, 583-7; Diosco- rides, 606; Macer, 615; Arabic, 644-6, 657, 669; early medieval medicine, 734-5, 738, 753-4; arts and alchemy, 762, 765-70; and see Empiric, Observation
Eye complaints and cures, 56, 82, 87, 98, 166, 175, 289, 325, 490, 496, 536, 586, 589-90, 640, 670, 720, 755, 779; evil, see Fascina- tion
Eyebrow, 151, 159, 175
Eyelash, 92, 151
Fades, astrological, 710, 716
Faith, requisite in magic, 644
Falernian wine, 132, 586
Familiar spirit, see Spirit
Family, 300
Famine, 603
Fascination, 71, 83, 217, 294,
324 Fastmg, 78, 82, 93, 174, 593, 705 Fat, 67, 91, 130, 168, 755 Fate, 181, 240, 306, 310, 315-6,
353, 375, 620 Fates, three, 210, 565 Faust, Faustus, or Faustinianus,
404, 406, 413, 417 Feather, 70, 236
Fee, physician's, 670, 684, 688, 740 Fennel, 722; tasted by snake, 74
490, 626
GENERAL INDEX
793
Fern, 80, 769
Festival, 22, 107
Fever, 18, 49, 65-6, 71, 89, 91, 141,
536, 569, 575, 668, 720,_ 727, 759 ;
and see Quartan, Tertian Fibula, 301 Fifty, 356, 383 Fig-tree, see Bull, tamed by Figure, 709.^10; human, 723; and
see Image, Mannikin, Statue Fill, Irish, 640 Finger, middle, 589, 592; use of
two, 583 Fire, the element, 88, 229, 310,
417; marvelous, 252, 256, 368;
at Rome in 192 A. D., 125, 134;
universal, 104; not burned by,
416 Fire engine, 192 Firmament, see Heaven; Waters
above the First-born, 581 Fish, 30, 49, 74, yy, 218, 236-7, 260,
325-6, 469, 589, 636, 657, 756 Five, 92, 169, 357, 383, 590 Flea, 60s Float, 192
Flood, 16, 340, 475, 493 Florilegij,, 618 Fluxion, 583 Fly, insect, 76, 175, 408 Flying, 397; of Simon Magus,
416-7, 422-7 Foam, of snake, 67; horse, 70, 86,
589 Folk-lore, 300, 567, 587, 722-3,
72,2 Foot, 580; and see Barefoot Form, 487, 542 Fossil shells, 493 Fotis, 229 Fountain, marvelous, 102, 318, 347,
546, 769 Four, 91, 356, 674-5, 728, 767 Fox, 80, 89, 90, 168, 490 Franklin, Benjamin, 414 Frederick I, Barbarossa, emperor,
477 Free-Masonry, 183 Free will, see Will Frenzy, 755 Frog, 68, 80, 90, 92, 159, 168, 231,
491, 508, 588, 591, 656 Fruit, 8s, 142, 599, 724 Fumigation, 69, 282, si 2, 740, 779 Funeral, 214
Furnace, 81, 393, 434, 657, 764 Future life, 8, 25, 47; and see
Soul, immortality of
Gabriel, angel, 343, 367, 447, 452,
454
Gagates,^ a gem, 154, 495, 724, 779
Gaia Seta, 599
GalacJis, 294
Galactites, 329
Gall, 68, 71, 587, 726, 764-6
Gall nut, 467
Games, Greek national, 186, 201
Ganges, 2s8
Garamantica, a gem, 97
Garlic, 213, 722
Gas, 55, 142
Gate, city, 591, 600
Gaudentius, 404
Gaul, 46, 76, 92, 568, 597, 672, yy6 ; and see Druid
Gazelle, 68, 70, 87
Gehenna, 367
Gem, Assyrian, 20; Pliny, 68, 70-1, 80-1; Apollonius, 254-8; Orphic, 293-6; Gnostic, 27, 378-80; Pseudo-Plutarch, 216; Solinus, 328-9; St. John and, 398; Ori- gen, 460; Epiphanius, 495-6; Augustine, 511; in medicine, 590; Pseudo-Dioscorides, 611, 654; Geoponica, 605; Isidore, 626-7 ; found in animals, 75, 294, 603, 72,7, 740, 755, 772, 779; Marbod, chap, xxxiv ; and see Consecration ; Image, engraved on ; and names of individual gems
Genealogical table, 624
Generation, spontaneous, 86, 219, 238, 324, 509, 511; of various animals, 408-9, 460; in fire, 102, 324; human, 211; and corrup- tion, 210; ruled by stars, 97; organs of, used in magic, 11, 68-9, 356; and see Child-birth, Conception, Eugenics, Private parts
Genethlialogy, 115, 273, 353, 412, 456, 513, 517, 560, 622, 629, 703, 708, 781
Genius, see Spirit, orders of
Gentiles, 479, 674, 771
Geocentric theory, 32, 105, 488
Geography, discussed by Pliny, 43-4; Ptolemy, 105-7; Philos- tratus, 244; Solinus, 327; other anc'ent, 488; Ethicus, 600-4; other medieval, 707
Geology, 493
Geomancy, 314, 343, 629, 648, 685
Geometry, 122-3, 126, 185, 318, 536, 542, 619, 663, 704
794
GENERAL INDEX
Gerard, archbishop of York, 689, 782
Germ of disease, 219
German, invaders, 148, 351 ; lan- guage, 498, 728; scholarship, 15-6, 30-1, 350, 684
Germany, 45, 557
Ghost, 233, 263, 280, 455, 540, 705 ; and see Necromancy ; Endor, witch of
Giant, 254, 407, 430
Girdle or ungirded, 69, 87, 284, 512, 599
Girl, magic power of, 216 ; and see Virgin
Githrife, an herb, 722
Gladiator, 124, 149, 581, 673
Glass, Egyptian, 12; Roman, 590, 762 ; medieval, 729, 764-7 ; gems of, 781 ; and see Stained
Glaucon, 143, 161
Glossopetra, a gem, 98
Glue, 765
Gnostic and Gnosticism, chap, xv, 197, 211, 290, 298, 305, 360, 397, 405, 411, 472, 547, 584, 661, 720
Goat, 69, 87, 130, 168, 213, 218, 256, 325, 367, 467, 490, 581-2, 729, 755. 759, 765-9; and see Adamant and blood of
Goblet, 258
God and gods, antiquity of belief in, 5-6, 203 ; animal, 14, 283, 503 ; celestial, 14, 17, 25-6, 289, 309, 530; and nature, 409; and man, 206, 208, 254, 274, 416; and Ro- man emperors, 130, 529; and art, 486; and magic, 8, 230, 235-6, 249, 312, 320, 543; Pliny concerning, 47, 97 ; Seneca, 103 ; Galen, 139, 151, 167, 180; Plu- tarch, 210; Gnostic, 362, 375; Christian attitude to pagan, 317; Firmicus, 527-30; Boethius, 621; name of, 599; winged, 301; and see Apollo and other individual names of gods, Christ, First cause. Trinity, etc.
Goetia, 22, 247, 250, 505
Gold, 69, 78-81, 215, 257, 301, 325, 386, 590, 599, 739, 755; chap, xxxiii ; and see Alchemy
Gonorrhoea, 536
Goose, 168, 301
Gorgon, 301
Gothic art, 501-2, 761
Gout, 81, 142, 277, 284, 571, 575. 579-81, 755
Grafting, 55
Grain, 325
Grammar, 535, 596, 612, 625
Grasshopper, 491
Gravitation, 481
Greece and Greek, magic, 20-8, 58; science, 28-32, 46-7, 51, 62, 64; culture, 274, 283 ; animals, 7Z \ language, ancient, 154, 186, 222- 3, 2)77, 420; language, medieval, 331-2, 625
Greek church, 397, 735
Greek fire, 256-7
Griffin, 257, 325
Grimoald, abbot, 613
Groin, 71, 590
Ground, see Earth, Underground
Gruel, 142
Guadalquivir, 254
Gull, 159
Gum, 468
Gyges, 257 _
Gymnosophists, 247, 251, 260, 564
Gynecology, see Women, diseases of
Hades, see Underworld Hadrian, emperor, 136, 200, 244,
318 Hail, see Weather Hair, 69-70, 81, 151, 159, 176, 581 ;
net, 175, 213; tonic, 738 Halc3ron days, 255, 491 Halicacabum, TJ Hallucination, 509 Ham, son of Noah, first magician,
414 Hand, laying on of, 386; and see
Left, Right Handkerchief, 213, 386 Hangman's noose, 71 Hare, 159, 169, 253, 580 Harewort, 722 Harp, magic, 773 Harran, 661-2 Haruspex, 95, 104, SI I, 513, 534,
629 Hathor goddesses, 14 Hatto, bishop of Vich, 704 Hawk, 74, 314, 332, 561 Hawkweed, 74, 332 Hazel rod, 725-6, 730 Head, habit of inclining, 659;
magical speaking, 662, 705 Headache, 18, 71, 92, 175, 591 Hearsay, 585 Heart, physiology of, 30, 146-9,
153, 727 \ used in medicine and
magic, 70, 89, y2y
GENERAL INDEX
795
Heat and Hot, 140, 142, 161, 175- 6, 191 ; and see Qualities
Heathen, see Pagan
Heatherberry, 722
Heaven and Heavens, one or many? 16, 345, 363, 365, 372, 382, 459, 487-8, 709; empyrean, 484; and see Music of spheres. Star, Universe, Waters above the firmament
Hebdomad, sacred, 16, 365, 380
Hebrew, 554, 577-8, 709, 711, 749; and see Jew
Hecate, 215, 280
Hedge, 91
Hedge-hog, 325, S02, 734
Hedgerife, 722
Helen, Simon's, 363-5
Helena, empress, 477
Helenus, seer, 294
Heliocentric theory, 32, 97
Heliotrope, an herb, 65, 87, 636
Hell, see Underworld
Hellebore, 74, 490, 636
Hellene and Hellenism, 20-1, 245,
541
Hellenistic, 16, 22, 30-2, 39, 51, 183, 189, 288, 294
Hemlock, the poison, 490
Hemorrhage, 536, 576
Hen, omen from, 231
Henbane, 722
Hera, goddess, 429
Heracles, 251, 546, 582
Heracleidae, 541
Herb, Egyptian, 10; Assyrian, 19- 20 ; Greek, 23 ; Cretan, 129 ; sacred, 76, 178; Anglo-Saxon, 722; Pliny, 54-7, 65-7, 76-9; Galen, 154, 167; Plutarch, 215-6; Apuleius, 229 ; Orphic, 295-6, 429-30; Gnostic, 371; Nectane- bus, 561, post-classical medicine, 583. 591 ; Herbarium of Apuleius, 597-9 ; Pseudo-Dios- corides, 606; Macer, 614-5; used by animals, 324-5, and see Animals, remedies employed by; conjuration of, 583 ; plucking of, 57, 65, 93, 160, 173, 252, 291, 583, 614, 626, 721, 724, 727, 729
Herbal, 596-9
Herbalist, 79, 128
Hercules, see Heracles
Heredity, 75, 253 ; and see Atavism
Herefridus, 635
Heresy, chap, xv, 488, 494, 507-8
Hermesias, a compound, 84
Hermogenes the magician, 435
Hero, a kind of spirit, 180-1, 309- 10, 469, 546
Herod the king, 473, 479
Heron, 218, 324
Hind, 279, 721
Hippomanes, 324
Hippopotamus, 75, 169
History and Historians, relation to this investigation, 201 ; Ro- man, 14, 94, 96, 201, 602; omens and portents in, 14, 675 ; atti- tude to, of Empirics, 156; Vi- truvius, 185; Lucian, 285-6; Cicero, 274; Horapollo, 333-4; of medicine, 153, 156, 735; of philosophy, 180; of astronomy, 537, 707; of alchemy, 195; ages of, 383, 648, 675, 709; astrologi- cal interpretation of, see Con- junctions, Planets, Magnus An- nus; quantitative method and source-analysis in, 533ff. ; medi- eval attitude to, 617; harlequins of, 359
Holy Ghost or Spirit, 363-4, 372, 397, 447
Holy salt, 722, 727
Holy wafer, 729
Holy water, 434, 721, 724, 727, 735
Honey, 66, 68, 70, 76, 129, 142, 229, 295, 599; Attic and Hymet- tus, 132
Honoratus, 638
Hoopoe, 324
Horaeus, 367
Horn, 4,96, 586, 599, 722; magic drinking, 191, 255
Horoscope, 14, 115, 209, 315, 516, 532, 560, 630
Horse, 55, 70, 86, 168, 589, 722, 730, 767; and see Mare
Horus, 19s
Hour, observance of, 712, 714, 726
House, astrological, 114, 397
Household magic, 9, 69 ; and see Door, Threshold, Wall, etc.
Human body, symmetry of, 184, 519; eight parts of, 452, 720; use of parts of, 61, 81, 167, 229, 573; and see Blood; Sacrifice, human; Saliva, Sweat, etc.
Humanism, 20, 338
Humors, 536, 738
Hyacinth, a gem, 496, 656
Hydromancy, 233, 505, 629, 77^8o
Hydromel, 79
Hydrophobia, 56, 169, 171, 496, 574; and see Dog, mad
Hydroscope, 542
796
GENERAL INDEX
Hydrostatic balance, 761
Hyena, 67, 69-70, 332, 396, 587, 605,
728 Hymn, 18, 23, 317-8, 374, 433, 441,
640 Hypatia, 541 Hyperborean, 280, 413 Hyphasis, river, 256 Hyrcanian Sea, 488
laldabaoth, 367, 383
lao, laoth, etc., 367, 379-80, 583
larchas the Brahman, 251 ff.
Ichneumon, 74, 218, 575
Idolatry, 421, 433, 452, 475, 603; and see Image
Ikhnaton, 9
Illuminated manuscripts, 498, 502, 547, 597, 676, 746
Image, engraved and astrological, 173, 267, 292, 316, 443, 579, 582, 645-6, 664-6 ; Apuleius' wooden, 233 ; Egyptian mannikins, 8 ; sacrificial, 261 ; mystic seal, 367, 378, 382; of wax, 10, 19, 25, 560-3 ; other magic, 10, 19, 236, 280, 314, 344, 441, 769
Imagination, pov\?er of, 644, 660
Iman, doctrine of the hidden, 356
Immortality, see Soul
Impotence, 391
Incantation, antiquity of, 6 ; Egyp- tian, 8, 12-4; Assyrian, 17-9; in Pliny, 69-72, 79, 88, 92-4; Galen, 166, 173-4; Apuleius, 230, 233, 239; other classical authors, 25, 253, 257, 279-81, 314; Gnostic, 299, chap. XV ; Jewish and early Christian, 352, 398, 418-9, 437, 442-3, 449-50. 463, 492, 510, 512; pseudo-literature and post-clas- sical medicine, 537, 560-1, 568, 573, 579-83, 588-93, 598-9, 605; Arabic, 654-5 ! early medieval, 596, 626-9, 675, 696; in medicine, chap, xxxi, 754, 759; alchemy, 769-70; old Irish, 640; and see Words, power of
Incense, 722
Incest, 475, 754
Incubus, 574
India, chap, viii ; science of, 31 ; drugs from, 84, 132; home of Magi, 476-7 ; marvels of, 325-6, 496, 564, 756; occult science of, 652-6, 710, 763; miscellaneous, 503, 744
Indigestion, 779
Industry, and magic, 12, chap, xxxiii
Infant, exposure of, 147; ail- ments, 69, 169, 615
Ink, invisible, 467
Innocent III, pope, 759
Insanity, 216, 536, 585, 755, 779; and see Frenzy, Lunacy, etc.
Insomnia, 90
Instruments, scientific, 107, 751 ; and see Musical
Intent, as a factor in magic, 644-6
Interrogations, astrological, 713-4
Intestines, 87-8, 175, 409, 414, 592
Inventions, 44, 149, 187-9, 426, 604
Invisible, to become, 71, 251, 416, 562, 638, 640; writing, 265
Invocation, see Necromancy and Spirit
Iris, 132
Iron, magic use of, 66, 69-71, 81, 89, 213, 765, 769; taboo of, 78, 81, 92, 614; oxide of, 130; quenching hot, 713, 756
Isaac the patriarch, 437
Ishmaelite, 711
Isis, goddess, 195, 223, 280, 300, 546, 559
Island, floating, 102
Ismuc, 183
Israel, twelve tribes of, 495
Istria, 601-2
Itacius, bishop, 381
Italian Renaissance, see Renais- sance
Italians and Italy, 184, 557
lunx, 265-7
Ivory, 301, 599
Ivy, 767-8
Jacob the patriarch, 354, 358, 444; and Esau, 369, 479, 514
Jambres, Jamnes, or Jannes, the magician, 59, 431, 461
James, brother of Jesus, 392, 401, 403, 405
James the Great, St., 434-6
Jannes the magician, see Jambres
Jared, and magic, 415
Jasper, 294, 572
Jaundice, 49, 217, 536
Jealousy, see Animal, and Pro- fessions, learned
Jeremiah, legend of, 399
Jerusalem, 393, 399, 415, 423, 477
Jesus, see Christ
Jew and Jewish, 219, 434, 436, 465, 474-5, 583, 746, 762, 773, 781;
GENERAL INDEX
797
magic, 59, 437-9, 449; religion,
137; tradition, 473 Jewelry, 301 ; and see Gem John the Baptist, 364, 727 John, duke of Campania, 557 Jonathan, 471 Joseph the patriarch, his coat of
many colors, 352, 358; divining
cup, 386; dream, 354, 358, 385 Joseph, father of Jesus, 393 Joseph, mentioned by Epiphanius,
434 Judea, see Palestine Judas Iscariot, 391 Juggler, 230, 312-3, 352, 437 Juliana Anicia, 606 Juno, goddess, 546 Jupiter, planet, 97, 184 Justina, 431-3
Karnak, 559
Khirgeh, 559
Kid, 393
Kidney, 294
King, prediction for, 17, 66; to gain favor of, 19, 67, 71, 89, 294; magic power of, 83, 476, 479; and alchemy, 13, 195
Kiss, 88, 391, 589
Knife, 545, 722, 727 ; surgical, 149
Knot, in divination, 7; other magic, 19, 25, 66, 69, 71, 592, 661
Kruno, a star, 346
Labartu, 18
Laboratory, 228
Lacedaemon, 429, 602
Ladder, 368
Laelius, 274
Lamb, 561, 769
Lamia, 263
Lamp, 129, 380; experiment with, 55 ; inextinguishable, marvelous, etc., 192, 214, 231, 239; and see Candle
Land and water on earth's sur- face, 54, 105, 254, 488
Language of birds and beasts, learning, 257, 261, 294-5, 430
Laodicea, unguent of, 133
Lar, 80, 546
Laser, a simple, 83
Laurel, 229, 324, 332, 424, 571, 588
Lavinian grove, 326
Law, and magic, 2, 6, 95 ; Roman, 167-8, 224, 233-4, 277, 527, 568; of nature, 272, 350, 530-1 ; Mo- saic, 395, 459; national, 376;
early German, 593 ; a medieval lawsuit, 688
Lead, 657, 757, 764; application of, 574, 590; glazing, 762; tablets, 28, 366, 724
Leaves, falling, effect on dreams, 206
Lebadea, 249
Lectionary, 476
Lecture-notes, 134
Leech, 724
Left, hand etc. used or preferred, 65-6, 78, 82, 88, 90, 92, 173, 216, 231, 325, Zi^, 580, 583, 591-2, 722, 726
Legends of saints, chaps, xvi, xviii, 637; and see names of in- dividuals
Legislation, 2, 25, 59, 95, 126, 194, 293, 415, 505; and see Law
Lentils, 369
Lemnos, 130-2, 154, 242, 264
Lent, 678
Leopard, 256
Leprosy, 171, 219, 390, 392, 536
Letter, see Alphabet, Vowel
Lettuce, 639
Lever, 192
Leviathan, 346-7, 367
Levitation, 251-2, 394, 427
Libanotis, an herb, 495
Libation, 431
Libraries, ancient, 15, 27, 125, 134- 5; medieval, 617-8, 743
Ligatures and suspensions, 65, 68, 70-2, 80, 89-90, 94, 173, 175, 204, 279, 294, 572, 579, 591, 598, 611, 614, 654-6, 726, 729-30, 740, 755-6, 759; condemned, 512, 630
Light, 191, 488, 720; and see Ra- diation
Lightning, 71, 95, 102, 738
Ligusticum, 613
Like cures like, 68, 86, 94
Lily, 68
Linen, use of, 88, 90, 230, 249, 260, 378, 560, 581, 598
Liniment, 586
Lion, habits and traits, 74, 256, 319, 326, 2,2>2, 367, 394, 636; roar of, 491 ; use of parts of, 6y, 70, 168, 279, 726, 755; whelps of, 255, 491; amours of lioness, 74; figure of, 582 ; made by magic, 215 ; lion-faced, 364
Liparaios, a gem, 295
Litany, 721
Liturgy, 398, 476
Liver, disease, 536, 591 ; divina-
798
GENERAL INDEX
tion, 17, 25, 249, 272, 313, 318,
430, 458, 466 Lizard, 68, 92, 238, 324, 494, 574,
581, 589-91 Logic, 154-5, 157-9; magic, lo-i,
72, 214 'Logos, doctrine of, 350 Loigaire, king, 640 Lollianus Avitus, 223 Lollianus Mavortius, 5256?., 537 Longevity, 141, 170, 176, 207, 537 Looking around, 591 Loosing bonds, etc., 265, 416, 449,
779
Lord's Prayer, 598, 721, 724-6, 729-30, 736
Lot-casting, 77, 112, 539, 727; and see Geomancy and Series sanc- torum (other index)
Lotapes, a magician, 59
Lot's wife, 583
Love charms and potions, 22, 76, 94, 201, 215, 217, 236, 258, 295, 368, 370
Lucifer, 636
Lucius, hero of Golden Ass, chap, vii
Lucius Verus, emperor, 124
Lucullus, 94, 201
Lumbago, 90, 175
Luna, goddess, 236, 417; and see Helen, Simon's
Lunacy, 536, 727, 754; and see In- sanity
Lung, 148, 536, 727
Lupin, 722
Lutheran, 447
Lychnis and Lychnites, a gem, 257, 295
Lycia, 154, 325, 765
Lycurgus, 283
Lynx, 81, 325, 620
Lyre, 356
Macedon, 278, 560
Machine, 182, 187; and see Me- chanical
Maerotis, lake, 349
Magi, in Pliny, 64-72, 80, 84; of Persia and the east, 228, 235-6, 247, 250, 266, 295, 352, 416, 450, 763 ; who came to the Christ child, 372, 396, 443-4, 471-9, S06, 518-9, 730
Magic (only leading passages where magic in general is dis- cussed under that name are here included), preliminary defini- tion, 4-6; primitive, 5-6; Egyp-
tian, 7-12; Babylonian and As- syrian, 15-9, 33 ; Greek and Ro- man, 20-8 ; Pliny, 44, 58-64 ; Plu- tarch, 203; Apuleius, 234-7; Philostratus, 247-50; Neo- Platonists, 299-300; Enoch, 343; Philo, 352 ; heretics and Gnos- tics, 361 ; church fathers, 414-20, chap, xix, 466-9, chap, xxii; Nectanebus, 560; Isidore, 628- 30; Alkindi, 643-6; as an art or discipline, 312, 420, 443; relation to science and medicine, 60-64, 236, 312, 330, 432, 511, 534-5, 644 ; use of materials, 65-70, 441, 508; procedure, 68-71, 506; false and illusive, 61, 418, 423-4, 431- 2, 440, 464-8, 509 ; evil and crim- inal, 61-2, 313, 344, 377, 431-2, 439, 505, 539, 543 ; good or natu- ral, 235, 352; marvelous results, 66-7, 70-1, 506; reality of, 506; history of, 58-9, 414-5, 628-9; immunity from, 440, 448-9
Magnet, 81, 85, 213, 469, 511, 581, 636, 644, 657, 668, 765, 780
Magnus annus, 26, 180, 210, 333, 372, 384, 456, 543
Majoram, 490
MaleHcium, 234-5, 381, 506, 603, 629
Mambres, a magician, 461
Mana, 6
Mandaeans, 383-4, 450
Mandragora, 22, 231, 258, 597, 607, 626, 740
Manes, a kind of spirits, 546
Manes or Mani, founder of Man- icheism, and Manicheism, 381- 2, 398, 409, 513
Mansions of moon or sun, 693,
713, 715
Manlike, 259; and see Divination
Manuscripts, of Pliny, 51-2; Ptolemy, 106, 108-10; Galen, 134-5; Gentile da Foligno, 164; Greek alchemy, 194-6; Apuleius, 241 ; Aelian, 322 ; Solinus, 326- 8; Hermes and Enoch, 291, 340; Manichean, 383 ; Apocrypha, 387-9; Recognitions, 40iff. ; Basil and Ambrose, 484; Physi- ologus, 498fif. ; Firmicus, 532 ; and Book III passim
Maps, 107, 114, 707
Marble, 729
Marcus Aurelius, emperor, 124-5, 130, 148
Marcus the heretic, 369-70
GENERAL INDEX
799
Marcus of Memphis, 381
Mare, 87, 324, 332, 511
Marinus, duke of Campania, 557
Market-place, magic of, 437, 440
Marriage, 685, 688
Mars, planet, 78, 97, 184
Marsi, 172, 511
Martin of Tours, St., 381
Martyr and Martyrdom, 428, 433, 512, 555
Mary Magdalene, 364
Mary, Virgin, 390, 724
Mass, sacrament of, 13, 722
Mathematical method, 107
Mathematics, 154, 535-6
Mathematicus, 464, 513, 532, 534, 632, 717, 781
Mathesis, 411, 632, 704
Matter, iii, 199, 305, 309, 349, 487, 542, 643, 763
Mavortius, see Lollianus
Maximilian II, emperor, 607
Maximus, emperor, 381
Meal, 314; evening, 482
Measles, 668
Measurement, 144; and see In- struments, Time
Meat offered to idols, 452
Mecca, 337
Mechanical devices and toys, 167, 426; Applied Science; and see Bird, mechanical ; Machine
Mede and Medea, 21, 65, 215, 295, 324, 329, 780
Medicine, chaps, iv. xxv, xxxi, xxxii, 289, 535-6, 542; Egypt, 10-2; Babylonian and Assyrian, 18; and magic, 25, 70, and see Magic; Pliny, 72; Greek, 318; Apuleius, 221, 237; Brahmans, 252-3 ; Lucian, 279, 284 ; Solinus, 329 ; church fathers and theolo- gians, 460-3, 593, 617 ; and see Animal, remedies employed by; Astrological ; Compound ; Dis- ease ; History ; Pharmacy ; Poison ; Simple ; etc.
Medicine man, 5, 227
Medinet Habu, 559
Medium, 297, 467
Medulla, 660
Mela, see Taxo
Melancholy, 137, 536, 756
Melanteria, 132
Melothesia, 712
Memory, 303, 660
Memphis, 198, 430
]\Ienander the heretic, 368, 421
!vlenippus, 263
Menstrual fluid, 82, 369, 573
Merchant, 214, 245, 710
Mercury, god, 233, 236, 630, and see Hermes ; metal, 764, and see Quicksilver; planet, 318, 383
Meroe, a witch, 226
Merovingian, 616, 672
Mesraim, first magician, 414
Messiah, 355, 383
Messina, 445, 710
Metal and Metallurgy, 44, 102, 198, 346, 463, 767; and see Alchemy; Planets and ; and the names of individual metals
Metamorphosis, see Transforma- tion
Meteor, 103
Meteorology, 44, 636
Methodism, in medicine, 155, 735
Michael, an angel, 367, 447, 452
Michael, bishop of Tarazona, 652
Microcosm, 382, 411, 530, 633, 709, 712
Midday, see Noon
Middle Ages, influence in, of Pliny, 5 1-3, 56, 73, 85, 595, 628, 635; Seneca, 100; Ptolemy, 109; Galen, 161, 180, 572-4; Hero, 188; De placitis philosophorum, 180 ; Apollonius, 267 ; Solinus, 326 ; early Christian literature, 338; Enoch, 340-2; Philo, 351; Apocrypha, 389-90 ; Simon Magus, 427; legends of saints, 435; Basil, 484; Physiologus, 497ff'. ; Augustine, 504 ; Alexan- der legend, chap, xxiv; post- classical medicine, 571, 576-8, 584; Ethicus, 601-4; Diosco- rides, 606-12; Boethius, 618- 20; Isidore, 623, 630-1; Arabic learning, 646, 663, chap, xxx, 732; Constantinus Africanus, 743. 754 ; Greek _ learning, 734 ; and see Classical heritage; Greek, medieval ; Textual his- tory; Translation
Midnight, 248
Milan, 477
Mildew, 80
Milesian tales, 225
Milk, cow's. 229, 295; woman's, 82, 175, 587, 729, 759, 763; other, 721, 767
Milk-stone, 294
Milo, 779
Milt, see Spleen
Mind, 210, 531, 654
Mine and Mining, 132, 142, 344
2500
GENERAL INDEX
Mineralogy, 606
Minerva, 79
Minotaur, 603, 636
Mint, wild, S7
Miracle, 8, 2^7, 541, 637, 686; dis- tinguished from magic, 242, 265, 387-8, 417, 437-9, 465, 505; by heretics, 507-8
Mirror, 180, 236, 417, 468, 644; and see Divination by polished surfaces. Optics
Missal, 759
Misy, 132
Mistletoe, 23, 79
Mithra, 368, 429
Mithrobarzanes, a magician, 281
"Modern," 717
Mohammed and Mohammedan, 139, 22)7, 356, 445, Chap, xxviii, 688
Mole, 63, 67, 70, 80-1, 88, 409,
494, 587
Monastery, Monasticism, and Monk, 505, 637-9, 679
Monkey, 148
Monreale 427
Monster, 627
Mont, temple of, 559
Montaster, an herb, 598
Monte Cassino, 597, 610, 743ff.
Month, specified, 585, 588, 590, 676, 685-9, 728, 72,7, 77 a; and see Moon, observance of
Montpellier, 109, 741
Monument, 565
Moon, addressed, 727 ; affected by magic, 203, 225, 280, 308, 468, 492 ; controls generation and corruption, 210, 219, 354, 633, 708; day of the, 79, 572, chap. xxix; duration of, 180, 702; and Easter, 521 ; observance of, 69-71, 78, 80, 90-1, 98, 178, 216, 283, 322, 324, 333, 364, 539, 580, 582, 590-2, 598-9, chap, xxix, 720, 724, 729, 756, 780; relation to other planets and to the signs, 179, 211; spots on, 354; size of, 488; and see Bleeding, Luna, Selene, Tide
Moon-earth, 765
Moon-god, 382
Moon-stone, 250
Moon-tree, 564
Moralizing, loi, 490, 638
Mortar, pounded in a, 82, 765
Mortuary magic, 8-9
Mosaic, 367, 427, 764
Mosaic law, see Law
Moses, see other index
Mother, goddess or Great, 216, 360
Mouse, 23, 80, 166, 175, 213, 325, 491, 587, 7:57; field-, 98, 279; shrew-, 7^, 86, 88
Mountain, marvelous, 346-7; mag- netic, 756; affected by magic, 226, 416
Mule, 88, 183, 390, 589, 736
Mullein, 490
Muscle, 145, 150, 580
Muses, 371
Mushroom, 219
Music, 319, 325, 534,619, 744; and magic, 6; and medicine, 124; and architecture, 185 ; of the spheres, 26, 184, 193, 371, 487, 544, 622
Mutton-fat, 722
Mycenaean art, 301
Myriogenesis, 537
Myrnvecia, a gem, 166
Myrrh, 586, 765
Mysia, 216
Mysteries, 139, 216, 221, 223, 243, 245, 248, 317, 360-1, 368, 377, 428- g; and see Eleusis, Mithra
Mysticism, 211, 254-5, 677, 763
Mythology, and magic, 8, 21 ; and astrology, 16, 282-3; miscel- laneous, 211, 215, 282, 294, 327, 407, 41 5-6, 545-6, 620
Nail, metal, 78, 81, 87, 90, 280, 581, 722
Nail parings, toe and finger, 71, 581
Names, see of Christ and God, and Words, power of
Nannacus, see Annacus
Nard, 169
Nativities, 25, 95, 104, 115, 185, 471, 559-60, 632, 679, 712
Nature, Pliny on, 42, 46-7; Sen- eca, loi ; Galen, 150-1 ; as a teacher, 155; Plutarch, 210; in contrast to fate, 375
Neck, stiff, 737
Necromancy, 21, 197, 228, 233, 264, 270, 280, 300, 419, 466, 539, 629, 705 ; as proof of immortality, 416 ; relation to science, 744
Nectabis, 463
Nectanebo or Nectanebus, chap, xxiv, 391, 463, 516, 704
Needle, copper, 590; eye of, 396
Nektanebes, Nekht - Har - ehbet, Nekhte-nebof, 558-9; and see Nectanebus
Neo-Latin, 732, 757
GENERAL INDEX
8oi
Neo-PIatonism, chap, xi, ii6, 208, 296-7, 349. 540, 544-S, 661
Nero, emperor, 61, 171, 201, 260, 262, 423-s, 553, 585
Nerva, emperor, 244
Nerve and nervous system, 145-6
Nestorian, 554
Nettle, 636, 768
Neuri, 330
Nias Island, 170
Niceta, a character in the Recogni- tions, chap, xvii
Nicias, 22, 204
Niello, 769
Night-shade, an herb, 581
Night time and magic, 68, 78, 129, 224-6, 234
Nigromancy, see Necromancy
Nikon, father of Galen, 122
Nile, 102, 179-80, 198, 254, 559; horses, 169
Nimrod and magic, 413
Nine, 88, 371, 590, 592, 598, 721, 727
Nineveh, 243
Nitrate, 772
Nitro-muriatic acid, 772
Noah's ark, 20; and see Flood
Noon, 248, 755
Norman and Normandy, 427, 745
Nose, 576, 589
Notebook, 45-6; and see Lecture notes
Notory art, 267
Nude and Nudity, 83, 93, 295, 565, 588
Numa, king, 274, 505
Number, observance of, and theory of perfect, 26, 69, 91, 178, 212, 258, 273, 317, 355-7, 370, 373, 383, 430, 441, 521, 544-5, 621, 627, 675 ; and see Five, Four, Nine, Seven, Ten, Three
Numitor, king, 602
Nymph, 546
Oak, 493
Oath, 430
Obelisk, 558
Obscenity in magic and medicine, 61-2, 167-8, 204, 207, 236
Observation, Pliny, 48, 53-4; magicians, 64-5 ; Ptolemy, 105, 107, no, 112; Galen, 156; re- puted Chaldean, 95, 316; Dios- corides, 606; and see Experi- mental method
Obstetrics, see Child-birth
Occult virtue, discussions of and
references to of a general char- acter, in Egypt, 10; Pliny, 64-5, 75-6, 81, 89; Galen, 169-70; Vitruvius, 183; Plutarch, 212-3; Neo-Platonists, 304, 307, 311, 320, 542-3; Brahmans, 257-8; Marbod, 778-81 ; miscellaneous, 441, 454, 468-9
Ocean, 489
Ocimum, an herb, 93
Oculist, 284, 670
Odor, foul, 536
Odysseus, 264, 281, 509, 629
Oea, 222ff.
Oil, 68, 90, 92, 130, 142, 154, 168-9, 171, 175, 213, 256, 373, 572, 606, 724, 779
Ointment, see Unguent
Old-v^fives, 166, 204, 234, 250, 272, 586 ; and see Witch
Olybrius, emperor, 606
Olympias, mother of Alexander, 56off.
Olympic games, 22, 102
Olympus, Mt., 198, 296, 429
Omens and portents, 14, 92, 178, 201, 231, 251, 254, 260, 318, 430, 471, 543, 560, 562, 675
One, Once, for the first time, 82, 92, 210, 582
Onesiphorus, 396
Onion, 20
Onoel, a spirit, 367
Ophites, a marble, 87
Ophites, a sect, 365, 383
Opium, 724,
Opobalsam, 128
Optics, 108, 218, 237, 276, 669
Oracle, 21, 95, 203, 206-7, 253, 278, 295, 318, 432, 442, 466, 534, 627
Oratory, 535, 776
Ordeal, 386, 468, 759
Oreites, a gem, 295
Orestes, 324
Oreus, 365
Organ, musical, 187-8, 192
Oriental attitude, exaggerated es- timate of, 20-1, 388
Originality, 569, 575, 616
Origanum, an herb, 218
Origenists, 461, 519
Oromazes, a magician, 236
Orphic rites, 296, 429
Osiris, 13, 196, 223, 233, 546
Ossifrage, 87
Ostrich, 636
Ouroboros, the encircling serpent, 197, 763
Owl, 63, 68, 70, 253
802
GENERAL INDEX
Ox, 468, 722, 755 Oxford, 642 Oxygen, 143 Oyster, 218
Padua, 164
Paeanites, a gem, 329
Paganism, 203, 294, 317, 327, 512,
chap, xxiv, 661-2 Painting, 177, 187, 764 Palatine hill, 125, 134 Palermo, 427 Palestine, 132, 280, 438 Palimpsest, 553 Palm, 62, 230, 333, 636 Pamphile, a witch, 229ff. Pamphylia, 132 Pan, the god, 251, 546 Panacea, 172
Pancrates, a magician, 280-1 Pantarhe, 252 Panther, 74, 256 Papacy, 705 ; see Sixtus IV for
patronage of learning by Papyri, 12, 14, 22, 27-8, 193, 196,
365, 467, 686 Paradise, 367, 470, 488 Paralysis, 739; of the face, 738;
tongue, 755 Parchment, 589, 729, 764 Pard, 74, 168 Paris, 642 Parrot, 575 Parthians, ^73, 376 Partridge, 16%. 324, 574 Pastoral magic, 70 Paternoster, see Lord's Prayer Pathology, 576 Paul the apostle, 405, 413, 424, 449,
505; potion of, 739 Peacock, 574, 636 Pebble, 591 Pelican, 324 Pella, 278
Penalty, 293, 313, 433 Penance, 513 Pendant, 301
Peony, 78, 173, 614, 740, 756 Pepper, 169, 176, 256, 586, 637 Pergamum, 122, 124, 130, 136, 149,
171, 236 Peristereos, an herb, yy Persecution, fear of, 194 Persia and Persian, 58, 66, 376,
451, 475, 479, S03, 553, 558, 744.
762 Personification, 198, 343 Perspective, see Optics Peru, 7, 17
Peter the apostle, .231, chap xvii, 505
Petroselinon, 132
Phaethon, 283
Phalangium, an insect, 86
Phallic ritual, 308
Phantasm and Phantom, see Ap- parition, Ghost
Phanuel, an angel, 342
Pharaoh's dream, 358; magicians, 379, 38s, 417, 438, 446, 464, 470, 506-8, 629
Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 10, 20, 83, 122, 133, 343, 413, 434, 610, 734-5
Phidias, 24, 407
Philae, 559
Philip of Macedon, 331, s6off.
Philoctetes, 294
Philology, 535, 545
Philosopher's stone, 52, 197, 398, 762^ ; and see Alchemy
Philosophy, Greek, 21 ; and al- chemy, 13, 199; and magic, 24, 61, 234, 246^ 310, 440, 535; and astrology, 674; and business, 97; Seneca, 103; Galen and pseudo- Galen, 123-4, 127, ^22,, 139, 146, 149-50, 176, 180; Vitruvius, 185- 6; other mentions of, 220, 223, 279, 360, 416, 466, 471, 481, 485, 493, 536, 620, 707 ; and see names of individuals (largely in other index) and schools.
Phlebotomy, see Bleeding
Phoebus, 620; and see Apollo
Phoenicia, 438
Phoenix, 207, 257, 332-3, 347, 460
Phraotes, 258
Phrygia and Phrygian, 206, 430, 597, 630
Phylactery, 513
Physica, 512, 579-80
Physics, 644
Physiognomy, 26, 176, 179, 460, 668
Physiology, 145, 395, 657-60
Pig, 76, 85, 168, 219, 393, 587, 727, 729, 764, 766; and see Swine
Pill, 739
Pillow, beneath one's, 90
Pine-tree, 490, 493
Piper, 217
Pirronius, a magician, 604
Piston, 192
Place, observed in magic, 645
Plagiarism, 186, 483, 649, 742, 746-7
Plague, Galen and, 124, 142, 171 ; of 1348 A.D., 164; Apollonius
GENERAL INDEX
803
and, 259, 391 ; of 542 A.D., 575 ;
of Egypt, 325, 357, 491, 522, 68s, 687, 696 ; miscellaneous, 410, 432, , 538-9, 600
Planetary week, 16, 513, 633 Planets, when distinguished? 13-4, 16; properties of, 97, 113-4, 346, 3S3, 526, 529, 662, 711; in Gnos- ticism, 361; in art, 379; and the metals, 347, 368, 709, 762,, 767; and herbs, 291 ; position at crea- tion, 711, 713; and formation of foetus, see Child-birth
Plate, metal, 229, 386, 572, 582
Platonism, 221, 243, 456; for Plato see other index
Pleiades, 179, 355, 636
Pleurisy, 738
Plough, 80
Pneumatics, 188
Poetry, 6, 95, 5ii,.53S
Poison and Poisoning, relation to magic, 25, 61, 441 ; to medicine, 56; venomous human beings, 324; safeguards against, 67, 70-1, 386, 614, and see Antidote ; mis- cellaneous, 81, 86-7, 231-2, 397, 417, 460, 535, 56s, 572, 574, 668, 721, 722
Polar star, 384
Polion, an herb, yj
Politics, 358, 666
Pompholyx, 132
Pontianus, 223-4
Pontiff, 124, 149
Pontus, drugs from, 87, 132
Poplar, 90
Poppy, bearing stones, 216
Population, 136
Pork, 142
Pot-herbs, 606
Potter and Potterjj 384, 433, 588-9 .
Praestigium, 630, 665
Praetor, 538
Prayer, 12, 79, 104, 219, 233, 382, 398, 412, 423, 426, 443, 457, 530-1, 589, 64s, 671, 705, 728; procuring answer to, 70, 294, 593, 779; by others than man, 457 ; to others than God, 260, 264, 303, 526, 598- 9, 661 ; of St. John, 721 ; and see Lord's Prayer, Incantation
Predestination, 514
Prefect, 526
Pregnant stone, 740
Presbyter, 437
Prescription, medical, 152, 159, 17?
Presentation, ' literary and scien- tific, 570, 595, 625
Prester, John, 477
Priest, 9, 13, 15, 21, 79, 85, 131, 195, 197, 300, 386, 533, 754, 763, 766
Priscillianists, 478, 519
Private parts, 343, 536
Procharus, 397
Procons,ul, 235, 527
Professions, learned, 5, 125-6, 186-
7' 744 . . Prognostication, medical, 164 Prophecy and Prophet, 25, 77, 205,
230, 352, 370, 439, 447, 459, 465,
476, 479. 534 Proteus, 263
Psychology, 75, 144-5, 657-60 Ptah-Seker-Ausar, 233 Ptolemais, 541
Ptolemy, king of Egypt, 135 Pulse, 144-5, 430, 658 Pump, 187, 192 Punic, 597 Puppy, see Dog Purging, 667; the lungs, 143 Purification, 62, 204, 232, 441, 531,
598 Purple, 173, 197-8, 590-1, 604 Push-ball, 487 Pylades, 144-5 Pyrethrum, an herb, 614 Pyrigoni, 324 Pyrites, 571, 768 Pyromancy, 260, 629 Pyrrhus, 83 Pytho, 629 Pythagorean, 26, 32, 50, 58, 61, 6z,
65-6, 179, 184, 243, 258, 260, 280,
370, 456, 544
Quail, 490
Quadrivium, 632
Qualities, the four, 114, 139-40,
154, 157, 218, 48s, 751, 755; and
see Cold, Heat Quartan fever, 269, 579-81, 7^6 Quaternities, divine, 674 Quick-lime, 434, 571 Quinsy, 77, 89 Quintus Cicero, 269ff.
Rabbi, 355, 445, 470
Rabbit, 588, 729
Race, 184, 781 ; for strange races
see Hyperboreans, Seres, etc. Radiation of force or light, 643-6 Radish, 721 Rainbow, 409
8o4
GENERAL INDEX
Rain-making, 23-4, 103, 386, 430 Rain-water, 81-2 Ram, 213, 332, 424, 467 Raphael, the angel, 342, 367, 447.
452, 454 Rat, 76
Ravenna, 2^y, "jdz Raymond, archbishop of Toledo,
657
Reading, medieval, 604, 617-8
Reason, 218, 660; free from magic, 300; and experience, 157
Red, used, 65, 581, 598, 740
Red Sea, 84, 208
Redeemer, 361, 363, 438
Reed, 75-6, 80, 90, 215, 591, 726
Reformed churches, 447
Reggio, 445, 745
Relics of saints, 444, 446, 593, 675
Religion, and magic, 5-6, 8-9, 15, 18, 20, 22-3, 33-4, 60, 232, 256, 505. 533; and astrology, iS-7, 524, 529-31 ; and science, 407-8, 479, chap, xxi ; other than Chris- tian, 94, 361, 725, and see Mo- hammedanism, Paganism, etc. ; medieval religious attitude, 746, 752; and see Christianity, God, Theology, Trinity, etc.
Renaissance, 20, 122, 570, 618
Reseda, an herb, 93
Respiration, see Breathing
Resurrection of the body, 47, 41S.
541 Resuscitation of corpses, 280, 391,
394, 397, 424, 426, 638, 763 Revelation, 56, 253, 407; and see
Divination by Revolutions, astrological, 26, 377,
650 Rhetoric, 124, 221, 269, 483, 518,
533, 535, 555, 596, 603, 700 Rhodes, 269, 301 Rhododendron, 175 Rhubarb, first mention of, 576 Riddles, 636 Right hand, etc., used or preferred,
70, 78, 81, 83, 88, 90, 92, 324-5,
332, 574, 580-1, 591-2, 767 Ring, 69, 78, 173, 219, 251, 253,
280, 292, 379, 564, 582, 590, 592,
599, 656, 662, 70s, 755 Ring-worm, 93 Rip van Winkle, 399 Ritual, 12, 23 ; and see Ceremonial Roads, Roman, 135-6 Robber, 117 Robert, king of France, 672. 704,
736
Robert Guiscard, 745
Romance, Greek, 22, 221, 232, 553; Medieval, 557
Romanesque, 502
Romans, traits of, 184
Rome, as center of learning, 124, 128-31, 135, 162, 201, 222, 242, 269, 277, 537, 586, 741; other mentions, 209, 230, 366, 372, 403, 408, 421, 423-4, 464, 553
Romulus, 209, 274, 330, 602
Root, see Herb
Rose, 230, 751 ; wild, 56
Royal Society, 214
Rubbing, 142
Ruddy complexion, 768-71
Rue, 737 ; eaten by weasel, 74, 324, 626
Ruin, excavated, 762
Russet, 89
Rust, 766
Rustic, experience, 578, 585
Sabaoth, 365, 367, 379, 45i, 583,
599 Sabbath, 204, 513 Sabians, 661-3 Saccrdos, 235 Sacra Via, 125, 133, 424 Sacrifice, 68, 79, 104, 131, 166, 215,
248, 250-1, 261, 294-5, 308-9, 317,
363, 414, 431, 645, 661-3, 705;
human, 62, 207, 249, 418, 539,
687 Sacrum amarwm, 739 Saffron, 656, 765 Sagmina, sacred herbs, 76 St. Gall, 640, 677 St. Sophia, 575, 770 Sakkara, 9 Salamander, 54, 68, 85, 214, 324,
511, 636; "wool," 214 Salerno, chaps, xxxi, xxxii Salisatores, 630 Saliva, 20, 82, 88-9, 92-3, 174, 281,
273, 392, 573, 588, 592, 656, 769 Salmon, 424 Salt, 213, 373, 467, 583, 670; and
see Holy, Sodom Saltus Gilhcrii, 705 Salve, S7, 606, 722 Salvia, 739
Samaria, 363-4, 368, 421 Samothracian orgies, 149 Samuel, ghost of, see Endor, witch
of Sandal-Makers, street of, 134 Sandals, 230 Sandastros, a gem, 97
GENERAL INDEX
80s
Sapphire, 496, 779
Saracen, 138, 718
Sarcophagus, 476
Sard, 777
Sardinia, 329
Sardis, 255
Sardonia, an herb, 329
Sardonic laugh, 329
Satire, 285
Saturn, god, 207; planet, 97, 184, 580, 622,, 768
Saturninus, a heretic, 372
Satyr, 263-4, 546
Saul, 448, 469
Scarab, 10, 68, Z2,Z
Scarification, 721
Scepticism, see Credulity and
Sciatica, 69
Scientific spirit, curiosity, etc., 144, 234, 308, 378-9, 437, 485-6, 494, 502-4, 528, 535,. 559, 669, 752; and see Experiment, Observa- tion
Scipio Orfitus, 223
Scorpion, 74, 81, 85-8, 171, 174, 494, 573, 583, 656, 666
Scotland, 654
Scrofula, 82, 89, 91, 587
Sculpture, 277, 501
Scylla, the monster, 263, 636; an herb, 526
Scythian, 59, 77, 245, 407, 496, 654
Sea, 225, 738 ; and see Bath
Sea-calf, 580; faring, 245; foam, 468; gull, 159; hare, 171, 236, 238, 587; holly, 213; serpent, 325, 574; star, 89; urchin, 68, 490-1
Seal of Diana, 130
Sealing, 69, 278, 468
Seasons, four, 114
Secrecy, 194, 227, 233, 239, 254, 287, 29s, 372, 40s, 420, 579, 765. 776
Seed, 605 ; seedless herbs, 489
Seia, 599
Selene, 215
Selenomancy, 98
Semen, 369
Semitic, 15
Semo Sancus, 421
SenedoH, an herb, 614
Sense and Senses, 150, 158, 180,
355 Sepia, 87 Septimius Severus, emperor, 243,
253, 293 ; and see Severi Septizonium, 253 Serapis, 379, 442, 763 Seres, 376, 402, 412-4
Serf and Servant, 739; and see Colonus; Slavery
Sermon, 426, 482!?.
Serpent, lifted up in the wilder- ness, 379; and see Snake, Dragon, Sea-serpent
Sesame, 655
Sethians, 365
Sethos, 14
Seven, 14, 16, 49, 67, 69, 169, 179, 198, 212, 232, 253, 258, 279, 282, 318, 333, 346, 355-6, 365, 2,7^, 373, 376, 378, 383, 385, 411, 429, 435. 491, 522, 537, 545, 581, 590, 592, 599, 633, 676, 724, 771, 777
Seven sleepers, 725, 759
Severi, dynasty of, 125, 130; and see Septimius
Sevres, 762
Sex, observed in magic, 69, 78, 80-2, 94, 729, 759; of hyena, 397; of herbs and stones, 81, 764; of numbers, 179, 371 ; of planets and signs, 282, 662, 709-12; pre- dicted, 175-6, 516; intercourse, 141, 639, 7(>7
Shadow, 605
Shadow-footed, 256
Shark, 494
Shaving the head, 142, 560, 724
Sheba, 479
Sheep, 68, 102, 168, 173, 219, 467, 490, 582, 656; the lost, 363; and see Lamb, Ram, Shepherd, Pas- toral
Shellfish, 98, 517
Shepherd, 478
Ship, 604 ; wreck, 748
Shirt, 581
Shoe, 638
Short-hand, 134, 232
Showbread, 385
Sibyl, 546 ; for Sibylline books see other index
Sicily, 85, 427, 52s
Sideritis, a stone, 295
Sieve, 91, 250, 325
Signatures, 310
Sign, see Abbreviation, Divination, Prognostication, Sex predicted, Star, Zodiac
Silence observed, 722
Silas, 449
Silk, 608
Silvanus, 546
Silver, 590, 599
Similarity, argument from, 238, 614 ; and see Like cures like
Simon the Canaanite, 392
8o6
GENERAL INDEX
Simon Magus, chap, xvii, 362-5,
397, 439
Simon, St., 435
Simples, medicinal, in Pliny, 46, 83; Galen, 128, 153, 160, 168, 571
Sin, 344, 372-s, 430, 457, 520; effect on nature, 254, 345, 350, 409-10, 490
Sinew, 68, 148
Siphon, 189, 191
Siren, 263
Sisebut, king, 623
Sisinnios, 398
Six, 184, 356, 521
Sixtus IV, pope, 349, 506
Skeleton, 233
Skin, 141, 769; changing one's, 170, 238, 324; disease, 102, 537; see Animals, parts of ; and the names of particular animals for the use of their skins
Skull, 80, 580
Sky, see Heaven
Slav, 658
Slavery, 136, 170, 350, 515, 668, 683
Slavonic, 342, 345, 398
Sleep, magic, 399
Sleight-of-hand, 370
Slot-machine, 197
Smallpox, 668
Smilax, 92
Smoke, 89, 615
Smyrna, 123
Snail, 89, 92, 586
Snake, remedies against, 84-9, 99, 17s, 258, 29s, 365, 386, 392,_ 495, 599, 614; animals antipathetic to, 84-S, 99, 231 ; virtue in, 23, 168, 197; of India, 214, 564; Satan and demons as, 365, 391, 430; charming, 83, 278-80, 325, 511, 561-2, 638-9; sting and venom of, 56, 81-2, 102, foam of, 67; sloughing of, 170; not found in Ismuc, 183 ; at Delphi, 283 ; on a pendant, 301 ; medical knowl- edge of, 441 ; and see Fennel, tasted by
Sneeze, divination from, 95, 205, 207
Social aspect of magic, 59; life in antiquity, 137, 185
Socrates, 137, 139, 204, 234, 240, 270, 288, 532
Soda, washing, 571
Sodom, salts of, 138
Soldier, 56-7
Solemnity, required in magic, 644-6
Solon, 326, 355
Son of God, 372, 438
Soot, 236
Sopater, 313
Sophist and Sophistry, 540-1
Soporific, 758
Sorcery, ' 10, 25, 61, 96, 166, 270, 279, 324, 344, 352, 386, 390, 393, 437-8, 441, 655, 690, 73Z] coun- ter-magic'against, 17-20, 70, 81, 94, 301, 391, 600; and see Goetia, Witchcraft
Sortilegi, 630
Sory, 132
Soul, human, Plato on, 25-6; Pliny, 47, 96; Galen, 150, 178, 180; Plutanch, 206-7, 213, ■217; Neo-Platonists, 309-10, ,318; Gnostics, 364 ; location of, 735 ; apart from laody, 399, 418, 455, 510, 546; immortality of, 416, 419, 469, 531, 541 ; other than human, 198, 213; and see World- soul
Sound, 143, 201, 430, 542
Sousnyos, St., 398
Spain, 380, 433, 489, 580, 597, 607
Spanish era, 773
Sparrow, 271
Sparta and Spartan, 21-2, 216, 301
Species, 304, 493, 751
Speech, impediment of, 536
Sphacra barbaricce, 537
Sphere, sec Earth, Universe, land other index
Spice, 250, 257, 295, 606
Spider, 90, 94, 168-9, I7i, 175, 5^7
Spinal cord, 146
Spirit, good or evil (including angel and demon, but see also Apparition, Ghost, Necromancy, Soul), in early Arabic poetry, 6; in the ancient orient, 11, 15, 18-9, 24; classical Greece, 24, 26, 180-1 ; on nature of, Plutarch, 203-4, 206-8; Apuleius, 240; Philostratus, 263-4; lamblichus, 309-10; Enoch, 343; Origen and Celsus, 441-3, 452-3; Augustine, 508; Martianus Capella, 545-6; Dionysius the Areopagite, 546-7; Christian ascription of other religions to demons, 370, 414, 42gf[., 442, 453 ; viisease and, II, 18-9, 299, 343, 452, 722; ex- pulsion of, and power over, 253, 262, 386, 405, 414, 417-8, 441,
GENERAL INDEX
807
443, 754, 779, and see Exorcism ; fall of, 343, 374-5; familiar and guardian, 207, 210, 368, 370; in the air, 206, 240, 424, 463, 508, 635 ; in heavens and stars, chap. XV, 343, 397, 431, 458, 487-8, 519; in the moon, 207; in na- ture, 181, 296, 308, 310, 347, 382, 414, 430, 443, 452-4, 543; invo- cation of, 301, 308, 310, 320, 361, 367-8, 371-2 384, 419, 437, 442, 447, 449-52, 543, 655, 674, and see Necromancy, Notory art; magic, astrology, arts and sciences ascribed to, 195, 240, 313, 343, 368, 370, 412, 414, 417- 8, 422, 429-32, 441-3, 447-8, 453, 458-9, 463, 465-6, 506-7, 509, 513, 518, 629, 675, 705 ; mediums be- tween God or gods and men, 206, 208, 240, 349, 452-4, 459, 621, 675 ; orders of, 308-9, 320, 363, 408, 455, 507, 545-7, 727; possessed by, 308, 392, 413-4, 434, 510, 640, 723-4, 754-5; safe- guards against, 18, 216, 293, 391, 398, 449, 615, 726, 728
Spiritus, 147, 658-60
Spit, see Saliva
Spleen, 57, 68-9, 85, 536, 577, 579, 584, 587-8, 591
Spodium or Spodos, 132
Sponge, 227
Spoon, 721
Spring, vi^ater 229 ; caused to flow^, 769 ; and see Fountain, Seasons
Staff, 252, 435, 679
Stag, 84, 207, 294, 324; and see Deer
Stained glass, 427, 435, 770
Stans, the, 415
Star, nature of, god or animal, etc., 25-6, 103, 206, 210, 212, 240, 303, 315, 343-4, 353, 436, 456, 519- 21, 530, 620-1, 632, 662, 670; as sign, 302, 410, 458, 544; not cause of evil, 305, 354, 475, 514; cause of evil, 411; affected by magic, 225-6; shooting, 71, 589; fixed, 114; and see Astrology; Christ, birth of; Magi
Star-fish, 56
Starling, 490
Statue, 91, 279, 280, 764; healing, 284; animated, 188, 416-7, 424, 435 ; and see Image, Sculpture
Steam, 192
Stele of Metternich, 559
Stepmother, 215
Stoic, 50, 141, 178-81, 210, 269-70, 283, 350, 397, 456
Stomach, 92, 173, 536, 592, 656, 757
Stone, the disease, 87, 588, 729; and see Gem
Stoning to death, 262, 399
Storax, a gum, 495
Stork, 257, 324-5, 331, 460, 580
Storm-averting magic, 71, 80, 92, 102, 252, 313
Stream, 91, 225-6, 546; and see Fountain
Stupa, 251, 413
Style, literary, 222-3, 525, 570, 620
Styx, river, 326
Suanir, 435
Suffumigation, see Fumigation
Suggestion, force of, 265
Sulla, 532
Sulphur, 279, 764
Sumerian, 15, 17
Summun bonum, 752
Sun, god and worship, 97, 251, 261, 294-5, 317-8, 382, 492, 524; per- sonified, 347, 410, 457, 529; and magic, 141, 225-7, 308, 386; as- trological influence of, 99, 179, 211 ; rising and dawn, 215, 230-1, 256, 261 ; before sunrise, 69, 71, 78, 91, 94, 131, 173, 281, 583, 599, 768 ; before sunset, 583 ; experi- ment with, 55; dial, 185, 187; distance and size of, 219, 488; tropical, 214 ; tree of, 564
Superstition, Plutarch on, 203-4; in medicine, chaps, xxv, xxxi
Surgery, 148-9, 536, 569, 668, 723,
735 Suriel, a spirit, 367 Swaddling cloth, 392, 396 Swallow, habits of, 75, 324, 615,
636 ; use of, 68, 70, 168, 175, 581,
721 Swallow-stone, 755, 766 Swallow-wort, 75, 615, 626 Swan, 636; song, 255, 332 Sweat, 167, 392, 767, 779 Swine, 70, 77, 79, 99, 217; and see
Pig Sword, 78, 295 ; magic 258 Sylvia, 404 Symbol and Symbolism, 166, 251,
310, 361, 367, 502, 506, 546,
676-7, 679, 721 ; in alchemy,
766-7, 771-2 Sympathetic magic, 68, 84-7, 92,
238, 271, 296, 299, 304, 312, 314,
320, 354, 542-3, 614 Symposium, 137, 201-2
8o8
GENERAL INDEX
Symptoms, 72)S
Syncretism, 525
Synod at Rome, 389, 402
Syracuse, 476
Syria, Syriac, and Syrian, 280, 374, 387, 395, 403-4, 422, 437, 497, 499, 503, 554, 559-6i, 577, 597, 601, 661, 663, 747, 762
Syrian goddess, 231
Syringe, 192
Syrup, 560
Tablecloth, 214
Tables, astronomical, 14; of con- tents, 50, 153
Tablet, astrological, 560, 563; and see Cuneiform, Lead
Taboo, 21 ; and see Iron
Tagus, 630
Tamarisk, 85, 587
Tape-worm, first mentioned, 576
Tarpeian rock, 426
Tarquin the Proud, 602
Tarrutius, an astrologer, 209, 330
Tarsus, 259, 479
Taste, sense of, 505
Taxo, 600, 636
Teiresias, 281
Telines, 21
Temperaments, four, 668
Temple, 533; of Peace, 125; de- vices, 192-3; in alchemy, 197-8, 763; Egyptian, 261, 301, 559; Jewish, 395 ; Greek, 407 ; of the Sun, 435; of Liber, 496; Chris- tian, 533
Terebinth-tree, 571
Terra sigillata, 130-2, 154, 756
Tetter, 93
Textbook, 635
Text and Textual criticism and history, magic, 9; cuneiform, 15, 17-8; classics, 21, 27; Aristotle, 24, 27; Pliny, 52; Ptolemy, 106, 108; Galen, 1 19-21; Hero, 189; alchemy, 193 ; Plutarch, 202 ; Aelian, 322; Philo, 348-9; patristic, 374, 377, 389, 401-6, 477, 495; Physiologus, 497:91 Alexander legend, chap, xxiv ; Medicine of Pliny, 596 ; Dios- corides, 594, 606-13 ; medicine, 567, 731; Isidore, 623; medieval alterations, 3, 338, 683, 720
Thaphtabaoth, a spirit, 369
Thaumaturgy, 190
Thautabaoth, a spirit, 367
Theater, 184, 422, 425, 486, 506, 512
Thebes and Theban, 179, 491, 553,
765 Theft, discovery of, and recovery
of object, 644, 666, 681, 718, 725;
aids, 780 Theodamas, 294 Theodoric the East Goth, 569, 617,
619 Theodosius I, emperor, 584 Theodosius II, emperor, 327 Theology, astral, 15, 17, 360-1, 543,
621; and magic, 18, 234; Galen,
149; Egyptian, 370; attitude
shown, 619-20 Therapeutae, 349, 356 Therapeutics, 10, 122, 141, 735 Theriac, 130, 733, 756 Thersites, 269 Thessaly, home of witches, 58, 203,
226 Theurgy, chap, xi, 505, 535 Thomas the apostle, in India, 475,
477 Thoth, 288 Thotmes IV, king of Egypt,
13 Thought, history of, 3-4; ex~
plained physiologically, 659 Thread, 89, 590, 656 Three, Thrice, etc., 69, 79, 82, 88-9,
91, 93, 169, 174, 295, 476, 479,
582, 588-9, 592, 614, 656, 721,
730, 736, 7(17 Threshold, 69, 89 Throat, disease of, 82 Thunder, divination from, 57, 96,
262, 546, 562, 629, 635-6, 674,
679; other observance of, 78;
thought to produce mushrooms,
219; stage, 468 Thyme, 571
Tiberius, emperor, 59, 776 Tick, 67
Tide, 254, 274, 351, 517, 530, 703 Tigellinus, 259, 263, 265 Tiger, 256, 502 Tigris-Euphrates, 13-6, 281-2 Ti'i, 18 Time, devices for telling, 115, 144,
187, 276, 2)Zi, 395; observed in
magic, 645 Titus, emperor, 42, 45 Toad, 771 Tobias nights, 688 Toledo, 657 Tomb, Egyptian, 9, 14 Tongue, 98, 150; use of, 175, 726,
779; gift of, 208, 386 Tooth, 68, 82, 84, 159, 279, 599,
GENERAL INDEX
809
600, 656, 769; extracting, filling,
etc., 175, 573, 779 Toothache, cures for, 56, 68, 88-90, 169, 175, 577, 588-9, 592, 599, 614,
724, 727, 755 Toothpowder, 236 Topaz, 495 Top, spinning, 487 Torpedo, 159 Tortoise, 68, 74, 76, 88, 91, 325,
626, 764 Torture, 381, 538 Touch, 324
Tower, of Babylon, 16 Trade, 486, 494 ; and see Merchant,
Business Tradition, see Authority, Legend,
Textual history Trajan, emperor, 135, S73 Transfer, magic, see Disease Transformation, magic, 21, 23, 226,
250, 280, 390, 393, 399, 415-7,
424, 446, 470, 509, 561-2, 630,
773 ; and see Werwolf Translation, Latin, of Ptolemy,
106, 109-10; Gal?n, 121, 176;
Hero, 189; church fathers, 44S,
484; post-classical and early
medieval, 570, 576, 619, chap.
xxiv; from the Arabic, 611,
690-1, chaps, xxviii, xxx, xxxii;
pretended, 292; Anglo-Saxon,
638; other vernacular, 498, 612,
677, 778; Greek, 331, 342, 637;
magic, 430; Arabic, 106, 189,
292, 498, 554, 607, 652-3 Travel, 575, 668, 743 Tree, 255; of knowledge, 367, 474;
of life, 350; sun and moon, 474 Trial, for heresy or magic,
Apuleius, 222, 232-40; Apol-
lonius, 249 ; Priscillian, 381 ;
Basilius, 639 Triangle, 206, 356 Trigona, Trigones, or Triplicitates,
114, 184 Trigonometry, 107 Trinity, 479, 541, 619-20 Triptolemus, 546 Trivia, 236
Trojan war, 260, 271, 294, 363 Trophonius, cave of, 204, 206, 248,
282 Truth, devotion to, 400; Galen,
1 18-9, 123, 127; Plotinus, 300;
Plain of, 211; Simon's Helen
and, 364-5 Tube, hidden, 469 Tubingen theory, 423
Tumor, 71, 82, 93, 571, 587, 590,
599 Tunis, 744 Tunny fish, 218 Turpentine, 132 Tuscan, 598 Tutia, 132
Twelve, 14, 383, 385, 411, 495 Twins, 81 ; argument from, against
astrology, 273, 275, 514 Typhon, 463, 558 Tyriac, see Theriac
Ulcer, 580, 779
Underground, magic learned, 280;
and see Burial Underwear, 386, 581 Underworld, 16, 251, 282, 383, 470 Unguent, 55, 128-30, 133, 142, 169,
229, 367, 420, 739, 755 Unicorn, 255, 636 Universals and particulars, 622 Universe, theories of, 180-1, 193,
210, 254, 312, 361-4, 371, 397;
duration of, 374-6, 541 ; spheric- ity of, 408 Urine, use of, 81-3, 325, 573, 581,
640, 684, 72,7, 7A(>, 763, 766-9;
emission of, 69, 739, 756 Ursa Major, 355 Utensils, 624
Vacuum, 189, 669
Valentinus the Gnostic, 364, 374,
411, 488 Valve, 192; in brain, 659 Vampire, see Empousa, Lamia Vapor, 141 Vaporization, 724 Vascular system, 30 Vases, Greek, 266, 770 Vein, 147, 576, 728 Venesection, see Bleeding Ventriloquism, 352, 448, 470, 560;
and see Endor, witch of Venus, goddess, 236 ; planet, 96-7 Verbena, an herb, 66, y6, 614, 725 Vernacular literature, 3; and see
Translation Verus, L., emperor, 124 Vervain, see Verbena Vespasian, emperor, 253 Vesuvius, Mt., 45 Veterinary, 593, 722, 724, 730 Vinegar, 57, 71, 169, 175, 768 Vineyard, 604 Violet, 751 Viper, use of, 91, 142, 159, 170, 173,
2x8, 294, 331, 572, and see
8io
GENERAL INDEX
Theriac; remedy against, 213, 490, 721 ; mode of generation, 172, 238, 255, 277, 322,, 409, 491
Virgin and Virginity, 55, 83, 90, 93, 2j6, 279, 326, 431, 491, 639, 763 ; and see Chastity, and Mary, Virgin
Virtue, see Occult
Virtues, three, 479 ; four, 675
Vision, theory of, 659, 669
Vitriol, 764
Vivisection, 147
Voice, 134, 146, 180, 184
Volcano, 254
Vowels, 92, 356, 371, 379
Vulture, 89, 22Z, 580, 724, 726, 729
Wall, of house, 69
Wand, magic, 20, 252, 508, 560
War and Warfare, 187, 358; de- cried, 6, 46-7, 122
Warts, to get rid of, 71, 88, 166, 589,. 72,7
Washing, ceremonial, 295, 730
Wasp, 332
Water, and Waters, 142, 272), 4o8> 490; above the firmament, 181, 346, 458, 487, 632 ; drinking, 685 ; dissolves magic, 227, 722; in which feet washed, 175 ; marvel- ous, medical, and chemical, 102, 183, 197, 329, 763; -jar and -works, 187, 191-2; clock, see Time ; underground, 55 ; and see Fountain, Holy, Stream, Sea, etc.
Wave theory, see Sound
Wax, 71, 229, 467-8, 571, 738; and see Image
Weasel, 80, 231, 331, 396, 409, 460, 636 ; and see Rue, tasted by
Weather, observed, 178; pre- dicted, 97, IIS, 181, 185, 231, 325, 463, 605, 642, 647 ; and see Rain- making, Storm-averting magic
Well, 55, 251, 271
Werwolf, 23, 51, 339
Whale, 49
Wheat, 373, 598
Wheel, 192, 382; magic or solar, 266; of fortune, 683
Whetstone, 71
White, 78-9, 215, 295, 755
Widow, 71
Will, free, relation to fate and the stars, 210, 275-6, 306, 315, 374-5, 412, 456, 475, 513, 518, 531, 620-2
William Rufus, king of England, 673
Wind, 16, 78, 373, 676, 678, 728
Wine, 55, 68-9, 132, 137, 142, 231, 263, 295, 572, 581, 605-6, 721, 739, 765 ; and see Falernian
Witch, Witchcraft, and Wizard, 2, 18-9, 164, 172, 203, 225-31, 251, 344, 373,. 407, 535,, 599, 722; and see Goetia, Old-wives, Sorcery
Wolf, 80, 93, 172, 219, 332, 587-8, 656, 726; and see Werwolf
Woman, 396, 588, 710, 740-1 ; dis- eases of, 82, 142, 289, 536, 746
Wood, 233
Woodpecker, 23, 78
Wool, 89, 173, 590, 656
Words, power of, 10, 24, 152, 207, 231, 239, 279, 299, 311, 370, 378, 384, 414, 422-31, 438, 445, 449-52, 476, 507, 561-2, 605, 627, 644, 666 ; and see Incantation
World-soul, 96, 150, 210, 254, 299, 303, 349, 358, 410, 544, 622
Worm, 89, 94, 582, 729, 754, 768; and see Earthworm, Tape-worm
Wormwood, 722
Writing, a sin, 344; invisible, 265
Wryneck, 265-7
Yahweh, 446 Year 1000 A.D., 675 Yew, 81 York, 689
Youth, renewed or perpetual, see Elixir, Fountain, Longevity
Zeus, 23, 193, 284, 380
Zodiac, 14, 16, 96, 98, 114, 179, 184, 283, 354, 378, 492, 520, 679, 711, 728; and parts of human body, 662, 673-4, 777
Zoology, 237, 503; and see Animal
Zone, 376
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX
Names of authors, editors, translators, publishers, etc., in Roman type. Titles and periodicals in italics. Leading passages in italics. Bibliographical abbreviations, such as EB, HL, PG, PL, are as a rule not indexed. In the abbreviated titles such opening vi^ords as De and Liber are omitted to facilitate aphabetical arrangement. In proper names De and Von are usually designated by d. and v., and are treated as initials.
Abammon, 307
Abano, Peter of, 162, 179, 409,
600, 610, 651, 66s, 710, 714 Abdallah, 693 Abdias, 425-6 Abel, A., 434 Abel, E., 291, 293, 463 Abelard, Peter, 475, 544 Abgarus, 395 Abhandlung en d. bayr. Akad.,
567-8 Abhandlung en d. Berlin Akad.,
121, 468, 732 Abhandlungen z. Gesch, d. Math.
Wiss., 642 Abraham the patriarch, reputed
book of, 445 Abraham, cited by Firmicus, 537 Abraham of Tortosa, 611 Abt, Apologie d. Apuleius, 22,
239 Abu Jafar Ahmed Ibn-al-Jezzar,
745 Abu Sa'id Schadsan, 651 Accad. dei Lincei, Rendiconti dell',
499 Accad. di Monaco, Atti dell', 551 Acta Sanctorum, 296 Acts of the Apostles, 136, 510 Acts (Apocryphal)
of Archelaus, 398
of Barnabas, 397
of John, 397
of Nereus and Achilles, 425
of Paul, 396
of Paul and Thecla, 395
of Peter, 405
of Peter and Andrezv, 396
of Peter and Paul, 397, 424
of Philip, 397
of Pilate, 390, 395
of Thomas, 374, 397 Adalmus, 673 Adam, Moon-Book, 682
Adam of Bremen, yy^i
Adam of St. Victor, 398
Adams, F., 568
Ad-Damiri, 393, 688
Adelard of Bath, 100, 468, 652,
664, 706, 773 Adelbold, 706-7 Ademarus Cabannensis, 704 Adhelmus, see Aldhelm Aelfric, 484, 677 Aelian, 238, 300, 322-6, 331 Aemilius Macer, 612 Aeschrion, 178 Aeschylus, 325
Aesculapius, 537, 597-8, 600, 735 Aesop, 553 Aethicus, see Ethicus Aetius of Amida, 163, 170, 292,
chap. XXV Agathodaemon, 195 Agathias, 575 Aggregator, 611 Agricola, De re metal., 132, 329 Agrippa, H. C, Occult Philosophyi
454. 653 Ahrens, K., 497, 499, 503 Ajasson, 42
Alandraeus, see Alchandrus Albaihaqi, 670 Albandinus, 716 Alberic the Deacon, 752 Albertus Magnus, 158, 163, 326, 600, 658, 725, 772
Animal., 503, 563, 746
Causis et propriet., 563
Mineral., 501, 653
Somno ct zngilia, 359
Speculum astronomiae, 64,7, 650, 664
Veget. et plantis, 653 Albucasis, 742 Albumasar, 524, 647, 649-52, 691
Conjunctions, 649-51
Experiments, 649
811
8l2
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX
Flores, 649-50
Greater Introduction, 649
Lesser Introduction, 652
Mysteries, 651
Rains, 651-2
Revolutions, 651
Sadan, 651
Searching of the Heart, 649 Alchadrinus or Alchandrinus, see
Alchandrus Alchandrus, 710-19
Breviary, 7i4ff.
Mathematica, 7ioff. Alchamia, 774 Alchimus, 601
Alcibiades, see Helxai, Book of Alcuin, 556, 617, 658 Aldhelm, 636 Aldus, see Medici antiqui Alexander the Great, 331, 578
astrological treatises, 7i2ff.
Mirabilibus Indiae, 555-6, 564
Responsio ad Dindimum, 556 Alexander of Aphrodisias, 578 Alexander Polyhistor, 341 Alexander of Tralles, chap, xxv,
137-8, 174, 596, 721, 747 . Alexandre, Oracula Sibylhna,
287 Alexis, Mandragorisomene, 22 Alfanus, 752-3 Al-Farabi, 744 Alfraganus, 72>7 Alfred the Great, king, 6^7 Algazel, 744 Alhahib, Book of, 763 Alhandreus, see Alchandrus Ali ibn Abbas, Khitaab el Maleki,
747 Alkindi, chap xxviii
Deceits of Alchemists, 649
Empire of Arabs, 648
Judgments, 648
Geomancy, 648
Pluviis, 647-8
Properties of Swords, 649
Somno et visione, 646
Spectaculis, 642
Stellar Rays, 643-6 Allard, P., 298 Alma, J. d', 349 Alphita, 600 Altc Orient, 7, 33-5 Amatus of Salerno, 752 Ambrose, 426, 447, 494, 499, 505, 686
Hexaemeron, 482-3, 485
Moribus Brachmannorum, 557 Amelineau, 360, 377
American Historical Association
Papers, 632 American Journal of Archaeology,
American Mathematical Monthly,
American Society of Church His- tory Papers, 406 Amigeron, see Damigeron Ammianus Marcellinus, 285, 288,
318-9, 527 Amplonius, Catalogue of MSS,
267 Anastasius Antiochenus, 469 Anaxagoras, 456 Anaxandrides, 22 Anaxilas, 22 Anaxilaus, 88, 214 Anaximenes, 181 Andreas, 154 Andrian, F. v., 16 Andromachus, 171 Angelus, J., 106, 525 Annates de la Faculte des Lettres
de Bordeaux, 704 Annates du Service des Antiquites
de I'Egypte, 14 Annee Sociologique, 6 Ansileubus, 503 Ante-Nicene Fathers, 387, and