III. His Attitude Toward Magic

Accusations of magic against Galen — His charges of magic against others — Charms and wonder-workers — Animal substances inadmissible
117
Ii8 MAGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE cha&.
in medicine — Nastiness of ancient medicine — Parts of animals — Some scepticism — Doctrine of occult virtue — Virtue of the flesh of vipers — Theriac — Magical compounds — Amulets — Incantations and characters — Belief in magic dies hard — On Easily Procurable Remedies — Specimens of its superstitious contents — External signs of the temperaments of internal organs — Marvelous statements repeated by Maimonides — Dreams — Absence of astrology in most of Galen's medicine — The Prognostication of Disease by Astrology — Critical days — On the His- tory of Philosophy — Divination and demons — Celestial bodies.
&\\' etris Karayvcc nov ToSe, duokoyco t6 tclOos rovudv 5 Trap' 6\ov knavTov Tov ^lov 'iiradov, ou8evl TnaTevcras rdv biriyovixkvwv rkroiavTa, Trplv Tzeipadifjvai. Kal avros Siv bwarov tjv els Trelpav tKdilv fie.
Kiihn, IV, 513.
Slo K^-v ix€T^ kfikris ofxoiojs hfjiol L\d7rov6s re Kal ^rjXcoTLKds OLkrjdeias yhr]TaL, pri TrpoTerois tK 8volv ^ Tpiihv xPW^^iv airo4>o.Lvkado3. iroX- XoLKts yap avT(^ (i>aveiTaibia Tri% paxpds irelpas coaTrep k
Kiihn, XIII, 96-1.
XPV yap t6v pkWovra yvuaeaOal tl tcov ttoXXcov apeivov evdvs ph> Kal ry ^baei. Kal ry TrpcjTj] 5t5acr/caXt^ ttoKv tcov aWav dieveyKtlv eireLdav 8k ykvqyai, peipaKiov aXtjOelas tlvos txeiv kporiK'^v pavlav wcnrep kv9ovaio}VTa,Kal pr}d' ijpkpa^ prjTevvKTos 8ia\elireLV (TTevSovra re Kal avvTeraptvov kKpaOelv, ocra toIs kp8o^OT6.TOLS (IprjTaL tcov TraXaioiu' kTreL8av 5* eKpadrj, Kpivetv aurd Kal ^acravl^eiv XP^^V irapir6Wcj} Kal crKOTeZv iroaa peu 6po\oyel toIs kpapycos aLVOpkvOis TTocra 5^ 8ia4>kptTai Kal outojs to. fikv atpeladai ra 8' aT0(TTpk4>€adat„
Kiihn, II, 179.
"But if anyone charges me therewrith, I confess my disease from which I have suffered all my life long, to trust none of those v^ho make such statements until I have tested them for myself in so far as it has been possible for me to put them to the test."
"So if anyone after me becomes like me fond of w^ork and zealous for truth, let him not conclude hastily from tv^^o or three cases. For often he will be enlightened through long experience, just as I have been." (It is remarkable that Pto- lemy spoke similarly of his predecessor, Hipparchus, as a "lover of toil and truth" —
(1913), I22.>
IV
GALEN
119
"For one who is to understand any matter better than most men do must straightway differ much from other persons in his nature and earHest education. And when he becomes a lad he must be madly in love with the truth and carried away by enthusiasm for it, and not let up by day or by night but press on and stretch every nerve to learn whatever the ancients of most repute have said. But having learned it, he must judge the same and put it to the test for a long, long time and observe v/hat agrees with visible phenomena and what disagrees, and so accept the one and reject the other."