D. B. Macdonald, L. J. Paetow, S. B. Platner, E. C. Rich-

ardson, James Harvey Robinson, David Eugene Smith, D'Arcy W. Thompson, A. H. Thorndike, E. L. Thorndike, T. Wingate Todd, and Hutton Webster, and Drs. Charles Singer and Se Boyar have kindly read various chapters in manuscript or proof and offered helpful suggestions. The burden of proof-reading has been generously shared with me by Professors B. P. Bourland, C. D. Lamberton, and Walter Libby, and especially by Professor Harold North Fowler who has corrected proof for practically the entire work. After receiving such expert aid and sound counsel I must assume all the deeper guilt for such faults and indis- cretions as the book may display.
* But Professor Haskins' recent article in Isis on "Michael Scot and Frederick 11" and my chapter on Michael Scot were written quite independently.
ABBREVIATIONS
Abhandl. Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der Mathema- tischen Wissenschaften, begrundet von M. Cantor, Teubner, Leipzig.
Addit. Additional Manuscripts in the British Museum.
Amplon, Manuscript collection of Amplonius Ratinck at Erfurt.
AN Ante-Nicene Fathers, American Reprint of the
Edinburgh edition, in 9 vols., 191 3.
AS Acta sanctorum.
Beitrage Beitrage zur Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelalters, ed. by C, Baeumker, G. v. Hert- ling, M. Baumgartner, et al., Miinster, 1891-.
BL Bodleian Library, Oxford,
BM British Museum, London.
BN Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.
Borgnet Augustus Borgnet, ed. B. Alberti Magni Opera omnia, Paris, 1890- 1899, in 38 vols.
Brewer Fr. Rogeri Bacon Opera quaedam hactenus in- edita, ed. J. S. Brewer, London, 1859, in RS, XV,
Bridges The Opus Maius of Roger Bacon, ed, J. H. Bridges, I-II, Oxford, 1897; III, 1900,
CCAG Catalogus codicum astrologorum Graecorum, ed. F. Cumont, W. Kroll, F. Boll, et al., 1898,
CE Catholic Encyclopedia.
CFCB Census of Fifteenth Century Books Owned in America, compiled by a committee of the Bib- liographical Society of America, New York, 1919.
CLM Codex Latinus Monacensis (Latin MS at Mu-
nich).
xfv MAGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE
CSEL Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum,
Vienna, i866~, CU Cambridge University (used to distinguish MSS
in colleges having the same names as those at
Oxford). CUL Cambridge University Library.
DNB Dictionary of National Biography.
EB Encyclopedia Britannica, nth edition.
EETS Early English Text Society Publications. EHR English Historical Review.
ERE Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, ed. J.
Hastings et al., 1908-. HL Histoire Litteraire de la France.
HZ Historische Zeitschrift, Munich, 1859-.
Kiihn Medici Graeci, ed. C. J. Kiihn, Leipzig, 1829,
containing the v^orks of Galen, Dioscorides,
etc. MG Monumenta Germaniae.
MS Manuscript.
MSS Manuscripts.
Muratori Rerum Italicarum scriptores ab anno aerae chris-
tianae 500 ad 1500, ed. L. A. Muratori, 1723-
1751. NH C. Plinii Secundi Naturalis Historia (Pliny's
Natural History). PG Migne, Patrologiae cursus completus, series
graeca. PL Migne, Patrologiae cursus completus, series
latina. PN The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second
Series, ed. Wace and Schaff, 1890-1900, 14
vols. PW Pauly and Wissowa, Realencyclopadie der class-
ischen Altertumswissenschaft. RS "Rolls Series," or Rerum Britannicarum medii
aevi scriptores, 99 works in 244 vols., Lon- don, 1 858- 1 896.
ABBREVIATIONS xv
TU Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der
altchristlichen Literatur, ed. Gebhardt und Hamack.
DESIGNATION OF MANUSCRIPTS
Individual manuscripts are usually briefly designated in the ensuing notes and appendices by a single word indicating the place or collection where the MS is found and the num- ber or shelf-mark of the individual MS. So many of the catalogues of MSS collections which I consulted were un- dated and without name of author that I have decided to attempt no catalogue of them. The brief designations that I give will be sufficient for anyone who is interested in MSS. In giving Latin titles, Incipifs, and the like of MSS I employ quotation marks when I know from personal examination or otherwise that the wording is that of the MS itself, and omit the marks where the Latin seems rather to be that of the description in the manuscript catalogue or other source of information. In the following List of Works Frequently Cited are included a few MSS catalogues whose authors I shall have occasion to refer to by name.
LIST OF WORKS FREQUENTLY CITED BY
AUTHOR AND DATE OF PUBLICATION
OR BRIEF TITLE
For more detailed bibliography on specific topics and for editions or manuscripts of the texts used see the bibliogra- phies, references, and appendices to individual chapters. I also include here some works of general interest or of rather cursory character which I have not had occasion to mention elsewhere; and I usually add, for purposes of differentia- tion, other works in our field by an author than those works by him which are frequently cited. Of the many histories of the sciences, medicine, and magic that have appeared since the invention of printing I have included but a small selec- tion. Almost without exception they have to be used with the greatest caution. Abano, Peter of. Conciliator differentiarum philosophorum
et praecipue medicorum, 1472, 1476, 1521, 1526, etc.
De venenis, 1472, 1476, 1484, 1490, 1515, 1521, etc. Abel, ed. Orphica, 1885.
Abelard, Peter. Opera hactenus seorsim edita, ed. V. Cou- sin, Paris, 1849-1859, 2 vols.
Ouvrages inedits, ed. V. Cousin, 1835. Abt, Die Apologie des Apuleius von Madaura und die an-
tike Zauberei, Giessen, 1908. Achmetis Oneirocriticon, ed. Rigaltius, Paris, 1603. Adelard of Bath, Ouaestiones naturales, 1480, 1485, etc.
De eodem et diverso, ed. H. Willner, Miinster, 1903. Ahrens, K. Das Buch der Naturgegenstande, 1892.
Zur Geschichte des sogenannten Physiologus, 1885. Ailly, Pierre d', Tractatus de ymagine mundi (and other
works), 1480 (?). Albertus Magnus, Opera omnia, ed. A. Borgnet, Paris, 1890-
1899, 38 vols.
xviii MAGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE
Allbutt, Sir T. Clifford. The Historical Relations of Medi- cine and Surgery to the End of the Sixteenth Century, London, 1905, 122 pp.; an address delivered at the St. Louis Congress in 1904.
The Rise of the Experimental Method in Oxford, Lon- don, 1902, 53 pp., from Journal of the Oxford Univer- sity Junior Scientific Club, May, 1902, being the ninth Robert Boyle Lecture.
Science and Medieval Thought, London, 1901, 116 brief pages. The Harveian Oration delivered before the Royal College of Physicians.
Allendy, R. F. L'Alchimie et la Medecine; fitude sur les theories hermetiques dans I'histoire de la medecine, Paris, 1 91 2, 155 pp.
Anz, W. Zur Frage nach dem Ursprung des Gnostizismus, Leipzig, 1897.
Aquinas, Thomas. Opera omnia, ed. E. Frette et P. Mare, Paris, 1 87 1 -1880, 34 vols.
Aristotle, De animalibus historia, ed. Dittmeyer, 1907; En- glish translations by R. Creswell, 1848, and D'Arcy W. Thompson, Oxford, 1910.
Pseudo-Aristotle. Lapidarius, Merszborg, 1473.
Secretum secretorum, Latin translation from the Arabic by Philip of Tripoli in many editions; and see Gaster.
Arnald of Villanova, Opera, Lyons, 1532.
Artemidori Daldiani et Achmetis Sereimi F. Oneirocritica ; Astrampsychi et Nicephori versus etiam Oneirocritici ; Nicolai Rigaltii ad Artemidorum Notae, Paris, 1603.
Ashmole, Elias, Theatrum chemicum Britannicum, 1652.
Astruc, Jean. Memoires pour servir a I'histoire de la Fa- culte de Medecine de Montpellier, Paris, 1767.
Auri ferae artis quam chemiam vocant antiquissimi auctores, Basel, 1572.
Barach et Wrobel, Bibliotheca Philosophorum Mediae Aeta- tis, 1876-1878, 2 vols.
Bartholomew of England, De proprietatibus rerum Lingel- bach, Heidelberg, 1488, and other editions.
WORKS FREQUENTLY CITED xix
Bauhin, De plantis a divis sanctisve nomen habentibus,
Basel, 1 59 1. Baur, Ludwig, ed. Gundissalinus De divisione philosophiae,
Miinster, 1903.
Die Philosophischen Werke des Robert Grosseteste,
Miinster, 19 12. Beazley, C. R. The Dawn of Modern Geography, London,
1 897-1 906, 3 vols. Bernard, E. Catalog! librorum manuscriptorum Angliae et
Hiberniae in unum collecti (The old catalogue of the
Bodleian MSS), Tom. I, Pars i, Oxford, 1697. Berthelot, P. E. M. Archeologie et histoire des sciences
avec publication nouvelle du papyrus grec chimique de
Leyde et impression originale du Liber de septuaginta
de Geber, Paris, 1906.
Collection des anciens alchimistes grecs, 1887- 1888, 3
vols.
Introduction a I'etude de la chimie des anciens et du
moyen age, 1889.
La chimie au moyen age, 1893, 3 vols.
Les origines de I'alchimie, 1885.
Sur les voyages de Galien et de Zosime dans I'Archipel
et en Asie, et sur la matiere medicale dans I'antiquite,
in Journal des Savants, 1895, PP- 382-7. Bezold, F. von, Astrologische Geschichtsconstruction im
Mittelalter, in Deutsche Zeitschrift fiir Geschichtswiss-
enschaft, VIII (1892) 29ff. Bibliotheca Chemica. See Borel and Manget. Bjornbo, A. A. und Vogl, S. Alkindi, Tideus, und Pseudo-
Euklid; drei optische Werke, Leipzig, 191 1. Black, W. H. Catalogue of the Ashmolean Manuscripts,
Oxford, 1845. Boffito, P. G. II Commento di Cecco d'Ascoli all' Alcabizzo,
Florence, 1905.
II De principiis astrologiae di Cecco d'Ascoli, in Gior-
nale Storico della Letteratura Italiana, Suppl. 6, Turin,
1903.
XX MAGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE
Perche fu condannato al fuoco I'astrologo Cecco d'As-
coli, in Studi e Documenti di Storia e Diritto, Publi-
cazione periodica dell' accademia de conferenza Storico-
Giuridiche, Rome, XX (1899). Boll, Franz. Die Erforschung der antiken Astrologie, in
Neue Jahrb. f. d. klass. Altert., XI (1908) 103-26.
Eine arabisch-byzantische Quelle des Dialogs Hermip-
pus, in Sitzb. Heidelberg Akad., Philos. Hist. Classe
(1912) No. 18, 28 pp.
Sphaera, Leipzig, 1903.
Studien iiber Claudius Ptolemaeus, in Jahrb. f. klass.
Philol., Suppl. Bd. XXI.
Zur Ueberlieferungsgeschichte d. griech. Astrologie u.
Astronomie, in Miinch. Akad. Sitzb., 1899. Boll und Bezold, Stemglauben, Leipzig, 19 18; I have not
seen. Bonatti, Guido. Liber astronomicus, Ratdolt, Augsburg,
1491. Boncompagni, B. Delia vita e delle Opere di Gherardo Cremonese traduttore del secolo duodecimo e di Ghe- rardo da Sabbionetta astronomo del secolo decimoterzo, Rome, 1 85 1.
Delia vita e delle opere di Guido Bonatti astrologo ed astronomo del secolo decimoterzo, Rome, 1851. Estratte dal Giornale Arcadico, Tomo CXXIII-